Chapter 1 Flashcards
(26 cards)
The body contains 2 major cavities
Dorsal and Ventral cavities
Dorsal Body Cavity
Protects fragile nervous system. 2 subdivisions (cranial cavity) encases the brain and (vertebral cavity) encases spinal cord.
Ventral body cavity
Houses the internal organs (collectively called viscera). Has 2 subdivisions, which are separated by the diaphragm (therocic cavity) and (abdominopelvic cavity).
Therocic cavity
Contains 2 pleral cavities, each cavity surrounds one lung. (Mediastinum) Contains pericardial cavity which contains the heart and surrounds thoracic organs such as esophagus and trachea.
Abdominalpelvic cavity
Contains stomach, intestines, spleen and liver.
Pelvic cavity
Contains primarily urinary bladder, reproductive organs and rectum.
Membrane in ventral body cavity
Serosa also called serous membrane is a thin, double layered membranes that cover surfaces in ventral body cavity.
Parietal serosa
Lines internal cavity walls.
Visceral serosa
Covers internal organs. Double layers are separated by slit-like cavity filled with serous fluid. Fluid serveted by both layers of membrane.
When considering nutrients as a survival need, what is true?
Carbohydrates are the major energy fuel for the body cells and are found primarily in plant-derived foods.
What does not represent a negative feedback mechanism?
Increasing the muscle in the heart to cope with high blood pressure. (This response then is positive feed back because the effector enhances the initial stimulus).
What is not an example of the body’s use of Homeostatic to regulate the internal environment?
Being covered with a blanket.
A result of Homeostatic imbalance could be?
Disease. (Homeostasis is so important that most Disease can be regarded as a result of its disturbance, a condition called Homeostatic Imbalance).
In Feedback, what statement is true?
Positive and negative feedback mechanisms are named for the direction of the response relatively to the initial stimulus.
If the human body temperature drops below 37°c (98.6F), the body’s…
Metabolic reaction becomes slower.
The human body as a whole is enclosed and protected by the Integumentary system. This is an example of a necessary life function. What is the correct function?
Maintaining boundaries.
Metabolism is a broad term that includes all chemical reactions that occur within body cells. It includes breaking down substances into simpler building blocks (the process of catabolism), synthesizing more complex cellular structures from simpler substances (anabolism) and using nutrients and oxygen to produce. Given what you know about Metabolism, what is a false statement?
Metabolism is regulated largely by the nervous system. (Metabolism is regulated largely by hormones secreted by endocrine system glands).
In feedback, what statement is true?
Most medical situations can be viewed from the point of view of a failure of homeostasis. Disease can be regarded as a disturbance of homeostasis.
What event is an example of a positive feedback?
Blood clotting when the lining of a blood vessel is injured.
What is correct regarding a feedback cycle?
Receptor perceives a stimulus by sending input along the afferent pathway.
As blood sugar rises, receptors in the body sense this change, and the pancreas (control center) secretes insulin into the blood. This change in turn prompts body cells to absorb more glucose, removing it from the blood stream. As blood sugar falls, the stimulus for insulin release ends. What best describes this example of feedback system?
The endocrine system maintaining homeostasis by negative feedback.
What is false concerning the survival need of water?
The body is 98% water and is thus crucial to survival.
An example of negative feedback system.
Regulation of body temperature.
Failure to Homeostatic mechanisms often lead to pathological symptoms. What represents inaccurate pairing between parts of a Homeostatic mechanism and disease?
Vitamin deficiencies that damage nerves and cause numbing in the hands may lead to failure to withdraw from a painful stimulus. This represents a failure in the effector portion of the Homeostatic mechanism.
