Chapter 1

Question 1

Theories

Answer 1

Sets of ideas that are used to explain a phenomenon and make predictions about behavior

Question 2

Variables

Answer 2

Events characteristics or behaviors that can be measured.

Question 3

Research design

Answer 3

A method for investigating how and whether the variable selected are related

Question 4

Descriptive design

Answer 4

Provides basic information about variables in a population without making connections between behaviors, events, or conditions

Question 5

Correlational design

Answer 5

Assessing how changes in one variable correspond with changes in another variable

Question 6

Experimental design

Answer 6

Establishing a cause effect relationship between variables

Question 7

Quasi experimental design

Answer 7

To infer a cause effect relationship between variables when the researchers cannot manipulate the independent variable

Question 8

Case study

Answer 8

Descriptive design | examines a single individual and creates a rich picture of that individual psychological functioning

Question 9

Ethnographic study

Answer 9

Descriptive design| closely examines a particular group through direct participation within the group

Question 10

Correlation coefficient

Answer 10

A number between negative one and positive one that indicates a type in strength of the relationship between two variables

Question 11

Randomly assigned participants to one of two groups, experimental, and control groups

Answer 11

Experimental design

Question 12

Two variables with a -.56 indicates what type of correlation coefficient

Answer 12

It indicates a stronger connection

Question 13

Cross-sectional studies

Answer 13

Quasi experimental research| examines two or more groups to compare behaviors

Question 14

Longitudinal design

Answer 14

Quasi experimental research| The same group of people overtime repeatedly.

Question 15

Sample

Answer 15

A smaller set of individuals from a population of interest

Question 16

Random sample

Answer 16

Every person in a population of interest has an equal chance of being included

Question 17

Volunteer bias

Answer 17

The tendency of those who choose to participate in research studies 

Question 18

An independent variable

Answer 18

Variables that can be controlled or changed

Question 19

Dependent variables

Answer 19

Facts about the samples that cannot be changed

Question 20

Best practices

Answer 20

Evidence based strategies determined by science to help inform decisions

Question 21

Minority group

Answer 21

The group that has less power than another group, even if the group is not smaller in number 

Question 22

Ethnic group

Answer 22

People who share a similar culture

Question 23

Racial group

Answer 23

People who share common biological traits

Question 24

Socioeconomic status (SES)

Answer 24

Income based variable

Question 25

Confirmation bias

Answer 25

The tendency for people to seek evidence that confirms what they already believed to be true

Question 26

Belief perseverance

Answer 26

The tendency to continue or persevere in our beliefs, even when presented with contradictory evidence

Question 27

Five diversity characteristics

Answer 27

Ethnic groups, sex, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status and disabilities