Chapter 1

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

Physical material of the Universe/Anything that has mass or occupies space

Question 2

Property

Answer 2

Characteristics that allow us to differentiate/recognize a type of matter from others

Question 3

Elements

Answer 3

Substance of matter, and composed of atoms

Question 4

Atoms

Answer 4

Building blocks of matter

Question 5

Composition

Answer 5

The type of atoms a piece of matter contains

Question 6

Structure

Answer 6

Arrangement of atoms

Question 7

Molecules

Answer 7

2 or more atoms joined together

Question 8

Gas

Answer 8

No fixed volume, conforms to the shape of the container. Particles are spread farther apart moving at high speeds and colliding with one another

Question 9

Compressing a gas

Answer 9

Decreases the space between molecules and increases the time between collisions. Does not alter the shape or size of the molecules

Question 10

Liquid

Answer 10

Distinct volume, conforms to the shape of the container and fills the shape of the portion. Particles are jumbled and move rapidly which allows them to slide over one another

Question 11

Solid

Answer 11

Definite shape and volume. Particles are stuck together and do not move. Formed in definite arrangements

Question 12

Elements

Answer 12

Substances that cannot be decomposed. Each element is composed of 1 kind of atom

Question 13

Compounds

Answer 13

Substances composed of 2 or more elements, contains 2 or more kinds of atoms (h2o)

Question 14

Mixtures

Answer 14

Combinations of two or more substances in which all substances keeps its chemical identity. made out of components

Question 15

Pure substances

Answer 15

Fixed composition

Question 16

Heterogenous

Answer 16

Vary in texture or appearance

Question 17

Homogenous

Answer 17

Uniform throughout, also called solutions (gas, liquid, solid)

Question 18

Physical properties

Answer 18

Identified without changing the identity or composition of the substance. includes color, odor, density, melting point, etc

Question 19

Chemical properties

Answer 19

Describes the way a substance may change or react to form other substances. Includes flammability

Question 20

Intensive Properties

Answer 20

Temp and Melting point - does not depend on how much is being sampled

Question 21

Extensive properties

Answer 21

Mass and Volume - depends on how much substance is present

Question 22

Physical Change

Answer 22

Change of state. Changes its physical apperance but not the composition

Question 23

Chemical Change

Answer 23

A Chemical Reaction. A substance is transformed into a chemically different substance

Question 24

Filtration

Question 25

Distillation

Answer 25

Depends on the different abilities of substances to form gasses

Question 26

Chromatography

Answer 26

Separating ink from paper

Question 27

Separation of Mixtures

Answer 27

Differing abilities of the substances to adhere to the surfaces of solids can also be used to seperate mixtures

Question 28

Mass

Answer 28

In Kg's, 1000g are in 1 kg

Question 29

Temperature

Answer 29

F to C C = (f-32) x 5/9 C to K K = 273.15 + C

Question 30

Volume

Answer 30

in m^3 or cm^3 L = dm^3 = 1000mL 1 mL = 1 cm^3

Question 31

Density

Answer 31

Mass/volume in g/cm^3

Question 32

Density vs. Weight

Answer 32

Whichever occupies a smaller volume with the same mass, has more density

Question 33

Exact Numbers

Answer 33

Values which are known exactly 1 m = 100cm 2.54 cm = 1 inch

Question 34

Inexact Numbers

Answer 34

Those whose values have some uncertainty.. Most inexact numbers are obtained by measurement

Question 35

Important fact

Answer 35

Uncertainties always exist in measured quantities.

Question 36

Precision

Answer 36

Measure of how closely individual measurements compare/agree with one another

Question 37

Accuracy

Answer 37

Refers to how closely measurements agree with the true or actual value

Question 38

Standard Deviation

Answer 38

Average of trails/results and individual results. Determine how much the individual results/trials differ from the average. Obtaining a closer average with the trials makes one feel more confident

Question 39

Significant Figures

Answer 39

+/- determines the magnitude of uncertainty of the measurement.

Question 40

Readind Sig Figs

Answer 40

a. Read the number from left to right (start with the first digit that is not 0) b. All nonzero digits are significant c. Zero’s between digits are significant d. Zero’s at the beginning are never significant e. Zero’s at the end are significant

Question 41

Addition and Subtraction of Sig Figs

Answer 41

b. Addition and Subtraction i. The result has the same number of decimal places as the measurement with the fewest decimal place ii. When the result contains more than the fewest decimal place, it must get rounded.

Question 42

Multiplication and Division of Sig Figs

Answer 42

c. Multiplication and Division i. The result contains the same number of significant figure as the measurement with the fewest sig figs ii. When the result contains more than the correct number of sig figs, it must be rounded off.

Question 43

Important example of Sig Figs

Answer 43

d. (15.5)(27.3)(5.4) = 2285.01 cm^3 = 2.3 x 10^3 cm^3 i. So the 2285 must be condensed into 2 sig figs excluding the 10^(number), this means that 228 should be rounded to 230 so 2.3 x 10^3

Question 44

Dimensional Analysis/Factor Labeling

Answer 44

Given Unit x Desired unit/given unit = desired unit