Chapter 1

Question 1

Nomenclature

Answer 1

System of naming

Question 2

Genus (plural genera)

Answer 2

First name in scientific nomenclature (always capitalized)

Question 3

Specific epithet

Answer 3

Species name (not capitalized)

Question 4

Bacteria

Answer 4

Simple, single celled organisms

Question 5

Genetic material is not enclosed in a special nuclear membrane (bacteria and Archaea)

Answer 5

Prokaryotes

Question 6

Peptidoglycan

Answer 6

Carbohydrate and protein complex that are cell walls in bacteria

Question 7

Cellulose

Answer 7

Plant and algal cell walls

Question 8

Binary fission

Answer 8

Reproduction by dividing into two equal cells

Question 9

Flagella

Answer 9

Moving appendages that allow bacteria to “swim”

Question 10

Archaea

Answer 10

Prokaryoic cells, but if they have cell walls, the cell walls lack peptidoglycan

Question 11

Methanogens

Answer 11

Archaea that produce methane as a waste product from respiration

Question 12

Halophiles

Answer 12

Archaea that live in extremely salty environments

Question 13

Thermophiles

Answer 13

Archaea that live in hot sulfurous water

Question 14

Eukaryotes

Answer 14

Organisms that have a distinct nucleus containing DNA surrounded by a nuclear membrane

Question 15

Fungi

Answer 15

Eukaryotes that can be unicellular or multicellular

Question 16

Chitin

Answer 16

Cell walls of fungi

Question 17

Yeasts

Answer 17

Unicellular form of fungi, oval microorganisms larger than bacteria

Question 18

Mycelia

Answer 18

Visible masses of molds

Question 19

Hyphae

Answer 19

Long filaments that branch and intertwine to form mycelia

Question 20

Protozoa

Answer 20

Unicellular eukaryotic microbes, move by psuedopods, flagella, or cilia

Question 21

Slime molds

Answer 21

Not molds, but amoeba-like protozoa

Question 22

Amebae

Answer 22

A type of protozoan, move by using extensions of their cytoplasm called pseudopods (false feet)

Question 23

Algae

Answer 23

Photosynthetic eukaryotes with a wide variety of shapes both sexual and asexual reproductive forms

Question 24

Viruses

Answer 24

Acellular (not cells), can only reproduce by using the cellular machinery of other organisms, contain either DNA or RNA

Question 25

Multicellular animal parasites

Answer 25

Eukaryotes, known as flatworms and roundworms, or collectively helminths

Question 26

Eukarya

Answer 26

Protists, fungi, plants, and animals

Question 27

Protists

Answer 27

Slime molds, protozoa, and algae

Question 28

Plants

Answer 28

Mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants

Question 29

Animals

Answer 29

Sponges, worms, insects, and vertebrates

Question 30

Cell theory

Answer 30

The theory that all living beings are made of cells

Question 31

Spontaneous generation

Answer 31

The theory that some forms of life could arise spontaneously from nonliving matter

Question 32

Biogenesis

Answer 32

Theory that living cells arise only from living cells

Question 33

Aseptic techniques

Answer 33

Procedures that prevent contamination by unwanted organisms

Question 34

Aseptic techniques

Answer 34

Procedures that prevent contamination by unwanted microorganisms

Question 35

Pasteurization

Answer 35

Heating beer and wine enough to kill the bacteria spoiling it

Question 36

Koch's postulates

Answer 36

A sequence of experimental steps for directly relating a specific microbe to a specific disease

Question 37

Chemotherapy

Answer 37

Treatment of diseases using chemical substances

Question 38

Antibiotics

Answer 38

Chemicals produced naturally by bacteria and fungi that act against bacteria

Question 39

Synthetic drugs

Answer 39

Chemotherapeutic agents prepared from chemicals in the laboratory

Question 40

Mycology

Answer 40

The study of fungi

Question 41

Parasitology

Answer 41

The study of protozoa and parasitic worms

Question 42

Immunology

Answer 42

Study of immunity

Question 43

Interferons

Answer 43

Substances generated by the body's own immune system

Question 44

Virology

Answer 44

The study of viruses

Question 45

Microbial genetics

Answer 45

The study of mechanisms by which microorganisms inherit traits

Question 46

Molecular biology

Answer 46

How genetic information is carried in molecules of DNA

Question 47

Genomics

Answer 47

The study of all of an organism's genes

Question 48

Recombinant DNA

Answer 48

Fragments of human or animal DNA that code for important proteins can be attached to bacterial DNA and multiplied