Chapter 1

Question 1

Anthropology

Answer 1

The study of humanity

Question 2

4 subfields of anthropology?

Answer 2

Cultural anthropology
Archaeology
Biological anthropology
Linguistic anthropology

Question 3

Cultural anthropology

Answer 3

Similarities and differences among living societies and cultural groups.

Question 4

Culture

Answer 4

A set of beliefs, practices, and symbols that are learned or shared.

Question 5

Enculturation

Answer 5

Process in which we learn to become members of our group/culture. (direct and indirect)

Question 6

Ethnocentrism

Answer 6

Belief that one’s culture is better than others.

Question 7

Participant-observation

Answer 7

Method of long term immersive research used today.

Question 8

Cultural relativism

Answer 8

Idea that no culture is better than another

Question 9

Biological anthropology

Answer 9

Study of human origins, evolution, and variation.

Question 10

Paleoanthropology

Answer 10

Study of ancient human relatives.

Question 11

Nina Jablonski

Answer 11

Discovered why human skin color changed over time.

Question 12

Archaeology

Answer 12

Focuses on material past left behind by people.

Question 13

Kathleen Kenyon

Answer 13

Argued that Jericho is the oldest city in the world.

Question 14

Linguistic anthropology

Answer 14

Focuses on the history and evolution of language.

Question 15

Applied anthropology

Answer 15

Application of anthropological theories, methods, and findings to solve practical problems.

Question 16

5 Anthropological perspectives

Answer 16

Holism
Cultural relativism
Comparison
Fieldwork
Ethnography

Question 17

Holism

Answer 17

Interest in the whole of humanity, not just one aspect.

Question 18

Comparison

Answer 18

Used to learn what humans have in common, how we differ, and how we change.

Question 19

Fieldwork

Answer 19

Research conducted in the field of study

Question 20

Ethnography

Answer 20

Fieldwork specific to cultural anthropology

Question 21

Monogenism

Answer 21

Humans are a single species with a single origin

Question 22

Polygenism

Answer 22

The idea that humans have multiple origins

Question 23

Louis Agassiz

Answer 23

Contributed to the idea of Polygenism

Question 24

Charles Lyell

Answer 24

Contributed principles of Geology. Earth gets older as you dig deeper.

Question 25

Herbert Spencer

Answer 25

Created Social Darwinism.

Question 26

Social Darwinism

Answer 26

Applies survival of the fittest to cultures.

Question 27

Scientific racism

Answer 27

People coming up with ways to rank countries. (Craniometrics)

Question 28

Craniometrics

Answer 28

The measuring of people's head sizes to determine intelligence.