Chapter 1 Flashcards by Jerson Raga

Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

6000BC

Yeast was utilized to prepare beer

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Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

4000BC

A process was discovered to prepare leavened bread by means of yeast

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Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

3500BC

Another ancient product of fermentation was wine made in Assyria
Chinese developed a fermentation technique for brewing and cheese making

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Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

500BCE

In China, the first antibiotic moldy soybean curd was put to use to treat boils.

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Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

400BC

Hippocrates treated patients with vinegar.

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Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

100BCE

Rome had over 250 bakeries which were making leavened bread.

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Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

100AD

The first insecticide was produced in china using chrysanthemums

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Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

700AD

The use of molds to saccharify rice in the koji process
- Saccharify: means to convert a substance, typically starch, into sugar through a chemical process, often involving enzymes or acids.

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Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

1000AD

Hindus recognized that some illness may run in the family.

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Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

1663
Robert Hooke

First described cells

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Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

Who first described cells in the year 1663?

Robert Hooke

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Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

1673-1723
He discovered microorganisms by examining scrappings from his teeth under a microscope.

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek

-Additional info: He is also often referred to as the “Father of microbiology”.

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Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

1675

Leeuwenhoek discovers protozoa and bacteria

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Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

1701
He found that the deliberate administration of smallpox could prevent it occurrence daily in life especially in children.

Giacomo Pylarani

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Ancient Biotechnology (Pre-1800)

1761
He pioneered vaccination, inoculating a child with viral smallpox vaccine.
- Inoculate: to introduce a vaccine, serum, or other substances in the body to produce immunity to a disease.

Edward Jenner

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Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)

1773
He discovered nucleus in cells.

Robert Brown

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Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1802

The word “Biology” first appears.

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Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)

1822-1895
Vaccination against smallpox and rabies was developed by_______ &________?

Edward Jenner & Louis Pasteur

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Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1850
He detected rod-shaped objects in the blood of anthrax-infected sheep and was able to produce the disease in healthy sheep by inoculation of such blood

Casimir Davaine

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Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1855

A bacterium that was discovered and later becomes a major research, development, and production tool for biotechnology.

Escherichia coli

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Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1855

Pasteur works with yeast, eventually proving they are living organisms.

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Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1855

Pasteur works with yeast, eventually proving they are living organisms.

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Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1863
He discovered genes while working with peas. He lays the groundwork for modern genetics by establishing the principles of inheritance.

Gregor Mendel

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Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)
1870

-Breeders crossbreed cotton, developing hundreds of varieties with superior qualities.

-The first experimental corn hybrid is produced in a laboratory

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**Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)** They finally demolished the concept of spontaneous generation and proved that existing microbial life came from preexisting life.

Pasteur of France and John Tyndall of Britain

**Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)** 1876

Koch's work led to the acceptance of the idea that specific diseases were caused by specific organisms, each of which had a specific form and function.

**Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)** 1881 He is a German physician who described bacterial colonies growing on potato slices (First ever solid medium).

Robert Koch

**Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)** 1878 He Investigate the process of cell division and called it "mitosis". Father of Cytogenetics

Walter Flemming

**Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)** 1888 He is a German scientist, coined the term "Chromosome"

Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz

**Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)** 1909

- The term 'Gene' had already been coined by Wilhelm Johannsen who described 'gene' as carrier of heredity. • Johannsen also coined the terms "genotype' and 'phenotype." -Genes are linked with hereditary disorders.

**Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)** 1909 He is an American pathologist who discovers the first cancer-causing virus

Peyton Rous

**Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)** 1915

Phages, or bacterial viruses, are discovered by French Canadian biologist **Félix d'Héralle**

**Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)** 1924

Start of Eugenic Movement in the US.

**Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)** 1926

Morgan published The Theory of the Gene. This was based on Mendelian genetics (breeding investigations and optical microscopy)

**Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)** 1928

Frederick Griffiths observed the transforming principle' in which a rough type of bacterium is transformed to a smooth type when a mysterious 'transforming element from the smooth type is present.

**Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)** After 16 years, ___________ discovered that 'transforming element' to be DNA

Oswald Theodore Avery

**Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)** 1928

**Alexander Fleming** discovered 'penicillin' the antibacterial toxin from the mold *Penicillium notatum*, which could be used against many infectious diseases.

**Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)** 1933

Hybrid corn is commercialized

**Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)** 1941

The term "genetic engineering" is first used by a Danish microbiologist

**Classical Biotechnology (1800-1945)** 1942

The electron microscope is used to identify and characterize a bacteriophage

**Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)** 1950s

The first synthetic antibiotic is created.

**Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)** 1951

Artificial insemination of livestock is accomplished using frozen semen

**Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)** 1953

**JD Watson** and **F. Crick** for the first time cleared the mysteries around the DNA as a genetic material, by giving a structural model of DNA, popularly known as, 'Double Helix Model of DNA.'

**Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)** 1953 __________ and F. Crick for the first time cleared the mysteries around the DNA as a genetic material, by giving a structural model of DNA, popularly known as, 'Double Helix Model of DNA.'

JD Watson

**Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)** 1953 JD Watson and ___________ for the first time cleared the mysteries around the DNA as a genetic material, by giving a structural model of DNA, popularly known as, 'Double Helix Model of DNA.'

F. Crick

**Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)** 1954

**Dr. Joseph Murray** performs the first kidney transplant between identical twins.

**Modern Biotechnology (1945- Present)**

**Modern Biotechnology** • The first cloned animal • The first person to clone an Animal

• Dolly • Ian Wilmut

**Modern Biotechnology** 2002

The banteng, an endangered species was cloned for the first time

**Modern Biotechnology** 2002

The banteng, an endangered species was cloned for the first time

**Modern Biotechnology** 1944

The first genetically modified food, Flavr Savr was marketed

**Modern Biotechnology** 1983 Who developed the Polymerase chain reaction

Kary Mullis

**Modern Biotechnology** 1981

The first genetically engineered plant is reported

1984

The DNA fingerprinting technique was developed

Chapter 1 Flashcards

(67 cards)