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Sociology 101 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What is sociological imagination?

A

Instead of relating to feeling, we use sociological imagination to understand people’s behavior

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2
Q

Social facts

A

Laws, morals, values, religious beliefs, customs, fashion, rituals, and all cultural rules that govern social.

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3
Q

Auguste comte

A

Philosophy of social patterns, positivism.
Believed: society could be better as social rule learn and adhere.
Father of modern sociology
Uses scientific method

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4
Q

Verstehen

A

(Weber) to understand in deep way

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5
Q

Sociology

A

Study of group, interaction, society, social interactions from smaller groups

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6
Q

Durkheim

A

Established sociology as a academic
Believed: sociology could study social facts. Objective study. Possible to determine health and pathology.
Suicide on macro level

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7
Q

Max weber

A

Verstehen. Outside observation of society large and small attempt to understand from insiders pov.

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8
Q

Functionalism

A

Macro
Work together to maintain stability
Irrelated part to meet biological and sociological needs
Held together by values, language, and symbols

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9
Q

Conflict theory

A

Competition for limited resources
Karl Max
Macro level

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10
Q

Symbolic interactionist

A

Micro
Relationships among individuals in a society
George Mead
Examine symbols society uses their meaning, interact.

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11
Q

Harriet Mart

A

Translated Comtes writing first systemic international (society in America)
Discounted by male Dom

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12
Q

Micro

A

Family
Conversation
Group dynamics
Social settings
Big bro

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13
Q

Macro

A

Social stability/ change
Policies
Large scale trend
Social systems/ population
Pew research center

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14
Q

Empirical evidence

A

Direct experience, scientific information, experimentation

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15
Q

Meta analysis

A

Prior studies on specific subject are evaluated together

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16
Q

Scientific method

A
  1. Question
  2. Research
  3. Hypothesis
  4. Test hypothesis/ draw conclusion
  5. Report results
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17
Q

Reliability

A

Likeliness for study to be replicated if it was reproduced

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18
Q

Validity

A

How well a study measure what a study is designed to do

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19
Q

Hypothesis

A

Educated guess about outcomes of two plus variables

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20
Q

Independent variables

A

Cause change

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21
Q

Dependant variables

A

Thing that changes

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22
Q

Interpretive framework

A

Don’t follow hypothesis seeks to understand social world’s from pov of participant. More descriptive or narrative

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23
Q

Survey

A

Questionnaire (collect data from sub) not great for capturing behavior but great for feelings and opinions

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24
Q

Random samples

A

Everyone has an increased change of being selected to represent the population as a whole

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25
Quantitative
Number form can be counted (scale 1-10)
26
Qualitative
Subjective and based on observation. Harder to organize
27
Field research
Go into a world where ppl live,work, and play
28
Primary data
Natural environment. No experiments or surveys .
29
Ethnographic
Social prospective and cultural value. Objective observation. How a subject views their own social standing.
30
Participant observation
Join people and participate in group routines.
31
Experiment
Investigation of relationships and test hypothesis using scientific approach. One group is experimental and the other is control group.
32
Hawthorne effect
Change behaviors if people know they are being watched
33
Secondary data
Collected from an already completed work (newspaper, magazine)
34
Value neutrality
Remains impartial no bias or judgement during study.
35
Culture
Shared beliefs, values, and practices (learned)
36
Society
People who share a community and culture
37
Cultural universal
Patterns or traits globally common to all society ( family unit, hair style, jokes)
38
Ethnocentrism
Ones own culture is superior to others ( can lead to prejudice and conflict)
39
Cultural imperialism
Imposition of own culture value on another culture
40
Cultural shock
When confronted with a new culture there is an increased chance of disorientation and frustration
41
Cultural relativism
Assess culture by its own standards rather than viewing it through the lens of ones own culture
42
Xenocentrism
A person believes in another culture is superior to own
43
Values
Cultural standards for what's good and bad in society
44
Belief
Tents or conviction people hold true
45
Ideal culture
Standard society would embrace and live up too
46
Real culture
The way society actually is
47
Sanction
Give support, approval, permission for behavior or disapproval, no support
48
Norms
How to act ( good, right, important most members of society live by)
49
Formal norms
Written rules ( laws)
50
Informal norms
Casual behavior (table manner, proper speech)
51
More's
Moral view and principles. Violation consequences ( truthfulness, hard work, integrity)
52
Folkways
Norms without significance ( appropriate behavior, hold door open, please, thank you, help pick up dropped item, give seat to elder)
53
Symbols
Gestures, signs, objects, signals, words, help understanding the world
54
Language
Communication, culture transmission, imperfect way to transmit ideas
55
High culture
Patterns of cultural experience and attitude that exist in high class society ( associated with intellectualism, political power, prestige)
56
Pop culture
Patterns of experience and attitude exists in mainstream society ( known as masses)
57
Sub culture
Small different group within larger cultures
58
Counter culture
Rejects some larger cultures norms and values. ( Hell's angels, Hippie, black panther)
59
Innovation
Object or concept initial appearance
60
Discovery
Make known previous unknown ( existing aspects)
61
Inventions
Something new from existing objects or concepts
62
Cultural lag
Time elapses between into new items to acceptance
63
Diffusion
Spread of material and non material culture from one to another

Sociology 101 (1 decks)

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