Chapter 1

Question 1

changes in our planet reflected in our use of technology with communications made faster because of?

Answer 1

internet

Question 2

the contemporary world cannot be done without discussion of?

Answer 2

globalization

Question 3

As ?, we cannot live without interacting with other people

Answer 3

social beings

Question 4

is our home where we all live at these extraordinary and unexpected times.

Answer 4

contemporary world

Question 5

Who stated “…globalization means the onset of a borderless world…” or a world without limits

Answer 5

Ohmae

Question 6

Who discussed that “the characteristics of the globalization trend include the internationalizing of production, the new international division of labor, new migratory movements
from South to North, the new competitive environment that accelerates these processes, and the internationalizing of the state…making states into agencies of the globalizing world”

Answer 6

Robert Cox

Question 7

is a global movement towards integration of the economy, finance, commerce, and communications opening up local and nationalistic perspectives to a broader view of an interconnected world with free transfers of capital, goods, and services across national borders

Answer 7

Globalization

Question 8

“Globalization is a global movement towards integration of the economy, finance, commerce, and communications opening up local and nationalistic perspectives to a broader view of an interconnected world with free transfers of capital, goods, and services across national borders”

Answer 8

Lobo, Ambida, Maliban and Mesinas

Question 9

Who defined globalization as “world compression and global awareness intensification”

Answer 9

Robertson

Question 10

Who defined globalization as a so-called transplanetary process containing increasing liquidity and the growing flows of people, objects, places, information and structures
encountered and create barriers to those flows

Answer 10

Ritzer

Question 11

Who briefly described globalization as “colonization”

Answer 11

Martin Khor

Question 12

provided the description that globalization is the “expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and across world-space”

Answer 12

Manfred Steger

Question 13

a formation of a ? with closer contact to other parts of the world due to faster
feedback from internet for real-time communication

Answer 13

global village

Question 14

where free trade increases relations among members of an
industry in different parts of the world but this causes some loss of economic national sovereignty since the state becomes obligated to follow trade agreements with other
countries even to the detriment of the less developed state

Answer 14

economic globalization

Question 15

Is simply define it as an economic process where transfer of goods, services, and information flow effortlessly across borders leading to strengthen social relations with
others across the globe.

Answer 15

globalization

Question 16

thereby creates more enduring and highly interactive connection, and dynamic co-dependence among societies in various economies.

Answer 16

Globalization

Question 17

It is not something fixed because it is a broad concept that involves a great number of things closely related to integration of people, places, goods, services, and information but with many contradicting views about its nature. With regard to the nature of globalization

Answer 17

nature of globalization

Question 18

Who gave the following nature, metaphors, advantages and disadvantages of globalization

Answer 18

Tomas (2015)

Question 19

Nature of globalization:

Answer 19

• Liberalization
• Free Trade
• Globalization of economic activity
• Liberalization of Import/Export System
• Privatization
• Increased Collaborations
• Economic Reforms

Question 20

Metaphors of globalization:

Answer 20

(1) Solidity
(2) Liquidity
(3) Flows

Question 21

are obstacles that prevent movement of things e.g. landforms, bodies of water;

Answer 21

Solidity

Question 22

growing ease of movement of people, things, and information e.g. stock market

Answer 22

Liquidity

Question 23

movement of people, things, and information brought by penetrability of global
limitations e.g. foods introduced by foreign cultures (Aldama, 2018).

Answer 23

Flows –

Question 24

Signs of globalization:

Answer 24

• faster international trade
• surge in international flow of capital including foreign direct investment
• larger trans-border data flow using technologies e.g. internet, communication satellites
• greater international cultural exchange e.g. export of Hollywood movies
• terrorism has also undergone globalization e.g. Terrorists attacked places over the world
• loss of national sovereignty through international agreements and forming of organizations
• grander international travel and tourism
• expanded immigration including illegal immigration
• increase of global telecommunications infrastructure
• improvement of global financial systems
• more multinational corporations controlling an increased share of the world economy
• rising standards like copyright laws applied globally by international organizations

Question 25

Advantages of globalization:

Answer 25

(1) Peaceful relations; (2) Employment; (3) Education; (4) Product Quality; (5) Cheaper Prices; (6) Communication; (7) Transportation; (8) GDP Increase; (9) Free Trade; (10) Travel and Tourism; and (11) External Borrowing.

Question 26

Disadvantages of Globalization:

Answer 26

(1) Health Issues; (2) Loss of Culture; (3) Uneven Wealth Distribution; (4) Environment Degradation; (5) Disparity; (6) Conflicts; and (7) Cut-throat Competition (Tomas, 2015).

Question 27

Who introduced the types of globalization:

Answer 27

David McDonald

Question 28

Types of globalization:

Answer 28

(1) Financial globalization (2) Economic globalization (3) Technological globalization (4) Political globalization (5) Cultural globalization (6) Ecological globalization (7) Sociological globalization

Question 29

interconnection of world’s financial systems e.g. stock markets

Answer 29

Financial globalization

Question 30

worldwide economic system that permits easy movement of goods, production, capital, and resources (free trade) e. g. NAFTA, EU, MNCs;

Answer 30

Economic globalization

Question 31

connection between nations through technology e.g. internet

Answer 31

Technological globalization

Question 32

countries attempting to adopt similar political policies and styles of government to facilitate other forms of globalization e.g. move to secular governments

Answer 32

Political globalization

Question 33

merging of world’s cultures e.g. food, entertainment, and language

Answer 33

Cultural globalization

Question 34

seeing Earth as a single ecosystem where problems are global in nature e.g. international environmental treaties like biodiversity or climate change

Answer 34

Ecological globalization

Question 35

growing belief that we are all global citizens and should be held to the same standards and same rights e.g. growing international ideas that capital punishment is immoral and that all women should have the same rights as men.

Answer 35

Sociological globalization

Question 36

Globalization Theories:

Answer 36

1. Liberalism 2. Marxism 3. Constructivism 4. Postmodernism 5. Feminism 6. Tranformationalism 7. Eclectism

Question 37

sees globalization as driven by the market and connectivity across the globe come from human drives for material well-being and exercise of basic freedoms and rights

Answer 37

Liberalism

Question 38

interested in questions of state power, national interest, and conflict between states. This is characterized by a strong state or ‘hegemon’ state keeping international rules and institutions that often cater to its own interests. Globalization has been a stratagem in the contest for power between major states in contemporary world politics often focused on activities of China, Great Britain, France, Japan and USA. Political realists emphasize issues of power struggles, and role of states to bring about global relations

Answer 38

Political Realism

Question 39

concerned with forms of production, social exploitation through unjust distribution of wealth, and social deliverance by going beyond capitalism.

Answer 39

Marxism

Question 40

To ?, globalization happens due to trans-world connectivity increases opportunities of profit-making and surplus accumulation.

Answer 40

Marxists

Question 41

is a key bloc of power in globalization

Answer 41

Class

Question 42

way people have constructed the social world with language, symbols, images, and interpretation from forms of consciousness by focusing on how social actors ‘construct’ their world in their own minds and by conversing with others like dialogue and symbolic exchanges but it neglects structural inequalities and power hierarchies in social relations

Answer 42

Constructivism

Question 43

stresses significance of structural power in creation of identities and standards where the leading structure of knowledge in modern society is rationalism where authoritarian logic leads to a kind of cultural imperialism

Answer 43

Postmodernism

Question 44

places attention on masculinity and femininity with social order being influenced by biological sex where women are oppressed and violated over the course of history

Answer 44

Feminism

Question 45

was explicated by David Held and his associates where globalization reflects increased interconnectedness in political, economic, and cultural matters across the world creating a “shared social space

Answer 45

Transformationalism

Question 46

Transformationalism was explicated by?

Answer 46

David Held

Question 47

Scholte combined the above social theories of globalization as forces of production, governance, identity, and knowledge.

Answer 47

Eclecticism

Question 48

increasing sameness in the world as cultural inputs, economic factors, and political orientations of societies to create common practices

Answer 48

Homogeneity

Question 49

creation of various cultural practices, new economies, and political groups

Answer 49

Heterogeneity

Question 50

a given culture influences other cultures

Answer 50

Cultural imperialism

Question 51

undermines alternative global media from developing countries

Answer 51

Media imperialism

Question 52

import by non-Americans of products closely associated with Americans

Answer 52

Americanization

Question 53

process by which Western countries are led by principles of fast food restaurants involving global spread of rational systems such as efficiency, calculability, predictability and control

Answer 53

McDonaldization

Question 54

process where nations or corporations impose themselves on geographic areas to gain profits

Answer 54

Grobalization

Question 55

Glocalization coined by?

Answer 55

Roland Robertson

Question 56

coined by Roland Robertson in 1992 for global forces mingling with local factors and “glocal” is produced.

Answer 56

Glocalization

Question 57

neo-liberal agenda viewing globalization as open market placing importance of global marketplace with multinational enterprises (MNEs) and intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) as key actors

Answer 57

Hyperglobalists approach

Question 58

questions usefulness of trading blocs and views issue through historic angle considering most exchange takes place on regional than global

Answer 58

Sceptical approach

Question 59

more balanced stance towards globalization in agreement with hyperglobalists on growth of global interconnectedness promoting economic and political integration causing stratification distancing where some nations and communities get full advantage but others become more disadvantaged.

Answer 59

Transformationalists approach

Question 60

According to ? globalization has the significant periods

Answer 60

Peter Vanham

Question 61

luxury products from China started to appear on European continent specifically in Rome

Answer 61

Silk roads

Question 62

spices were important to Islamic trades in the Middle Ages from Maluku islands in Indonesia

Answer 62

Spice routes

Question 63

European explorers such as Columbus discovered America and Magellan connected East and West circumnavigating the world

Answer 63

Age of Discovery

Question 64

British Empire conquered the world with inventions like steam engine as era of First Industrial Revolution

Answer 64

First wave of globalization

Question 65

World War I in 1914 destroyed Western high society followed by US Great Depression even ending the thriving economy in South America and World War II from 1939-1945 affected trade by lowering of world GDP to 5%

Answer 65

World wars

Question 66

new global economy with revival of global trade at the end of World War II under United States of America with technologies of Second Industrial Revolution like car and plane, fall of the Iron Curtain in 1989, fall of wall dividing East and West Germany, collapse of Soviet Union, creation of World Trade Organization and the internet or new technology from Third Industrial Revolution connected people around the world

Answer 66

Second and third wave of globalization

Question 67

US and China have become two global powers dominating the cyber world as the new frontier of globalization.

Answer 67

Globalization 4.0

Question 68

Another interesting version that could be found is from Ethan Hawkley’s (2014) dissertation entitled?

Answer 68

“The Birth of Globalization: The World and the Beginnings of Philippine Sovereignty, 1565-1610”

Question 69

Who helped form a new power and sovereignty with the final name ‘The Philippines’ which was an unclear extension of Malay archipelago occupied by various ethnic groups in independent villages.

Answer 69

Miguel Lopez de Legaspi, Miguel Banal and Chinese merchant Eng Kang

Question 70

‘The Philippines’ which was an unclear extension of Malay archipelago occupied by various ethnic groups in independent villages. Around 1610, these villages unified and became a multiethnic network of combined sovereignty named after a Spanish King?

Answer 70

Philip II

Question 71

Between1565-1610, the Philippines was not merely colonized but?

Answer 71

globalized

Question 72

Who brought silk from China to Manila and exchanged it for Spanish imported silver from the Americas?

Answer 72

Eng Kang

Question 73

moved the Philippine colony to be controlled by three external systems: 1) the European imperial system; 2) Southeast Asian Muslim system; and 3) Chinese tribute system making it a hybrid interdependent political community.

Answer 73

Legazpi, Banal and Eng Kang