Chapter 1 Flashcards
(43 cards)
What is “Anatomy”
The study of structure of the human body
What is “Physiology”
The study of body function and how it works
What is “Gross Anatomy”
The study of body structures that can be examined by the naked eye
What is “Regional Anatomy”
Approach all structures in a single body region
Organization Hierarchy
1.Chemical
2.Cells
3.Tissues
4.Organs
5.Systems
6.Organism
What is Chemical Level
Matter that is composed of atoms which combine to form molecules
Atoms Contain…
Protons, Neutrons, and Electrons
Molecules form…
Macromolecules
What is the definition of a tissue and how many types are there?
A tissue is a group of cells working together to perform a common function. There are four main types: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
Example sentence: The epithelial tissue covers the surface of the skin.
What are the subdisciplines of anatomy?
The subdisciplines include gross anatomy, microscopic anatomy, developmental anatomy, and comparative anatomy.
Additional information: Gross anatomy focuses on the study of structures visible to the naked eye.
What are macromolecules and can you name the four main types?
Macromolecules are large molecules formed by atoms. The four main types are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.
Example sentence: Carbohydrates provide energy for the body.
What is the hierarchy of organization in the human body?
The hierarchy includes: chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism levels.
Example sentence: The human body is organized into different levels, starting from the basic chemical level.
What do the terms medial and lateral refer to?
Medial refers to being toward the midline of the body, while lateral means farther from the midline.
Example sentence: The heart is located in the medial part of the chest.
What distinguishes an organ system from an organ?
An organ system is a group of organs that work together to perform a common purpose, whereas an organ is a single structure.
Example sentence: The digestive system is an example of an organ system.
What role does the nervous system play in the human body?
The nervous system serves as a fast-acting control system that responds to internal and external changes.
Example sentence: The brain is a key organ in the nervous system.
How does the urinary system maintain homeostasis?
The urinary system eliminates nitrogenous wastes and regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance.
Example sentence: Kidneys are vital organs in the urinary system.
Describe the cardiovascular system’s main functions.
The cardiovascular system transports blood throughout the body and pumps blood via the heart.
Example sentence: The heart is a key organ in the cardiovascular system.
What functions does the endocrine system regulate?
The endocrine system regulates growth, reproduction, and nutrient use via hormone secretion.
Example sentence: Hormones are chemical messengers in the endocrine system.
What are the functions of the integumentary system?
The integumentary system provides external protection, waterproofing, and synthesizes vitamin D.
Example sentence: Skin is the largest organ of the integumentary system.
Define unilateral and bilateral.
Unilateral means on one side only, while bilateral means on both sides.
Example sentence: The knee injury was unilateral, affecting only the right side.
What is anatomy and how does it differ from physiology?
Anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body, while physiology is the study of body function and how it works.
Example sentence: Anatomy and physiology are key subjects in medical education.
What is a sagittal plane, and how does it divide the body?
The sagittal plane is vertical and divides the body into right and left parts.
Example sentence: MRI scans provide detailed images of structures in the sagittal plane.
How do organs form from tissues, and what role do they play in the body?
Organs are made up of two or more tissue types that work together to perform specific functions.
Example sentence: The liver is a complex organ composed of different types of tissues.
What characterizes a frontal (coronal) plane?
The frontal plane lies vertically and divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.
Example sentence: CT scans provide cross-sectional images in the frontal plane.
