Chapter 1

Question 1

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 1

Organizing and summarizing data

Question 2

Inferential Statistics

Answer 2

Interpreting data and making a conclusion

Question 3

Population

Answer 3

All values of a variable from all members

Question 4

Sample

Answer 4

Some values of a variable from some members (population subgroup)

Question 5

Parameter

Answer 5

The numerical value of a variable from a population. Typically unknown

Question 6

Statistic

Answer 6

The numerical value of a variable from a sample. Used to establish parameter.

Question 7

Variable

Answer 7

A characteristic or measurement of each member.

Question 8

Individual

Answer 8

A person or object being studied

Question 9

Probability

Answer 9

The chance of something happening

Question 10

Discrete quantitative data

Answer 10

Numerical data that takes on countable values

Question 11

Continuous quantitative data

Answer 11

Numerical data that can take on any value within a specific range. (Including decimals)

Question 12

Qualitative data

Answer 12

Values that can be described or categorized.

Question 13

Nominal Scale of Measurements

Answer 13

Categories without any specific order (No rank or order)

Question 14

Ordinal Scale of Measurements

Answer 14

Categories with a specific order

Question 15

Interval Scale of Measurements

Answer 15

Categories with a meaning in their difference but not ratio (No zero)

Question 16

Ratio Scale of Measurements

Answer 16

Categories with meaning in difference and ratio (Zero)

Question 17

Simple Random Sampling

Answer 17

Some members of a population randomly selected to make a sample

Question 18

Systematic Sampling

Answer 18

Randomly selected starting number, choose every xth of a number (5th, 15th, 25th)

Question 19

Stratified Sampling

Answer 19

Population divided into subgroups (strata) and SRS is used

Question 20

Cluster Sampling

Answer 20

Population divided into subgroups (clusters) use every member in randomly selected clusters.

Question 21

Convenience Sampling

Answer 21

No randomization of any kind

Question 22

Observational Study

Answer 22

Data collected without any treatment

Question 23

Experiment

Answer 23

Data collected with a treatment

Question 24

Controlled Experiment

Answer 24

Independent variable is manipulated while the dependent variable is measured

Question 25

Blind Study

Answer 25

The objects don't know if they are getting treatment

Question 26

Double Blind Study

Answer 26

Neither the objects or researchers know if they are getting treatment

Question 27

Placebo

Answer 27

Fake treatment

Question 28

Placebo Effect

Answer 28

Psychological factors lead to improvement on a placebo

Question 29

Biases

Answer 29

Misleading and inaccurate results

Question 30

Hidden Bias

Answer 30

Ordering or wording of a question affects an answer

Question 31

Non response

Answer 31

Not everyone is willing and available to answer

Question 32

Voluntary response

Answer 32

Getting answers from people with strong opinions