Chapter 1 Flashcards
(114 cards)
1
Q
What is the Lotic Systems
A
Streams and Rivers
2
Q
Where does the Lotic System get its Energy?
A
Detritus from the Forest
3
Q
What is the Lentic System?
A
Ponds and Lakes
4
Q
Where does the Lentic System get its Energy? (2)
A
Sun and Phytoplankton
5
Q
What are the 5 Levels of the Lentic System?
A
Littoral, Limnetic, Compensation, Profundal and Benthic
6
Q
Describe the Littoral Zone (2)
A
Shallow Water, Light reaches the bottom stimulating plant growth
7
Q
Describe the Limnetic Zone (2)
A
Open Water, Sunlight still can be seen
8
Q
Describe the Compensation Level?
A
Gross Production in Photosynthesis is equal to respiration
9
Q
Describe the Profundal Level? In terms of Light
A
Some Light not much
10
Q
Describe the Benthic Level?
A
The bottom region, place of decomposition
11
Q
Solar Energy is stored during Photosynthesis as?
A
GPP (Gross Primary Production)
12
Q
Energy stored as Biomass is called?
A
NPP (Net Primary Production)
13
Q
Energy used for cellular work in plants is used for?
A
(R) Respiration
14
Q
(Net Primary Production) NPP=?
A
GPP-R (Gross Primary Production- Respiration)
15
Q
Is Littoral water shallow or deep?
A
Shallow
16
Q
What types of plants are found in the Littoral Zone?
A
Rooted Plants
17
Q
The fish who live in the Littoral Zone have?
A
Compressed Bodies
18
Q
Some of the Invertebrates who live in the Littoral Zone have?
A
Feathery Gills
19
Q
Does the Littoral Zone contribute largely to the input of Organic Matter into the system?
A
True
20
Q
The Limnetic System is described as? and goes down to which level?
A
Open Water down to the Compensation Level
21
Q
The Limnetic Zone has High or Low Dissolved Oxygen (D.O).
A
High
22
Q
What are animals that Drift in the Limnetic Zone?
A
Plankton
23
Q
What are animals that can swim in the Limnetic Zone?
A
Fish or Whales
24
Q
What color has the Highest Intensity at the surface of the Limnetic zone?
A
Blue
25
Can Photosynthesis occur below the Compensation Level?
No
26
What color is lost first when diving deep in the water?
Red
27
Do different wavelengths of Light get absorbed at various levels in the water?
True
28
Why is there a limited amount of Oxygen at the Profundal Level?
Decomposers cause Low Oxygen Levels
29
Benthic Zone includes what 2 other Levels?
Littoral and Profundal
30
What is the food source for Decomposers at the Benthic Zone, since no photosynthesis doesn't occurs here?
Marine Snow
31
What type of life does the Littoral Level have? Diverse or Simple?
Diverse
32
What type of life does the Profundal Level have? Simple or Diverse?
Simple
33
The Benthic Zone has Low or High Oxygen Levels?
Low
34
What level is made mainly of accumulated dead and organic matter?
Benthic Zone
35
What are three levels of a Lake?
Epilimnion, Metalimnion and Hypolimnion
36
What layer of the lake has the warmest water?
Epilimnion
37
What layer of the lake is the Thermocline? and happens to the water temperature here?
Metalimnion, rapid change in water temperature
38
Which layer of the lake has the Coldest water temperature?
Hypolimnion
39
In the Hypolimnion, why are Nutrients not available to organisms in the Epilimnion?
Nutrients stay at the Bottom
40
In the Winter, the ice over a lake provides?
Insulation
41
What happens during the Fall Turnover?
Mixing of the water occurs, and Nutrients are brought up to the surface
42
What happens during the Spring Turnover?
Mixing of the water occurs, and Nutrients are brought up to the surface (Mostly in the Spring)
43
Do turnovers happen in the tropics?
No
44
Why does water appear more green in the Spring?
Due to the Spring Overturn and causing the growth of photosynthetic organisms
45
Why does Phytoplankton bloom in the Spring?
Increase in Nutrients and Sunlight
46
Why does Phytoplankton Not bloom in the Fall?
Decrease in Nutrients and Sunlight
47
Can Phytoplankton kill fish?
Yes
48
How does Phytoplankton kill fish? When does this occur?
Removing Oxygen from the water at night
49
The removal of Oxygen from water caused by Phytoplankton is called?
Anoxia
50
What do Phytoplankton also cause besides killing fish?
Block Sunlight from reaching the bottom of water, limiting Aquatic Vegetation
51
Phytoplankton are?
Photosynthesizes
52
Phytoplankton causes harmful __________?
Algal Blooms
53
Why does Phytoplankton remove Oxygen at Night?
Because it is not Photosynthesizing and using Oxygen from the water
54
Harmful Algal Bloom most occur in what types of water?
Still Water, such as Lakes or Ponds
55
What does the Algal Bloom from Phytoplankton release?
Toxins
56
The Algal Blooms Toxins are harmful to both? and how are they toxic?
People and Animals if Inhaled or Ingested
57
Why is Oxygen Higher at the top of a Lake?
Because of Sunlight and Photosynthesis
58
Who causes Low Oxygen at the Bottom of a Lake?
Oxygen is Low because of Decomposers
59
Uniform Temperature and Oxygen occurs during?
Spring and Fall Overturn
60
What season is Dissolved Oxygen Higher?
Mid-Summer
61
During the Fall Turnover the Oxygen is moved to the?
Bottom
62
During the Winter and an Ice sheet forms, what occurs at the bottom of a lake?
Oxygen drops because decomposers are using the Oxygen at the bottom
63
How to fish deal with the low Oxygen levels in the Winter?
By going into a state call Toper
64
When the temperature of water increases, what happens to the Oxygen Levels?
Decreases
65
In a fast-moving Lotic System, what type of bodies do fish have?
Torpedo Shaped
66
Insects in Fast Water Lotic Systems are shaped as?
Flattened, Broad bodies
67
How do plants survive in Fast Moving Lotic Systems?
By Clinging onto rocks
68
In Slow Moving Lotic Systems fish have what type of bodies?
Compressed bodies
69
When there is CPOM there is lots of?
Shredders
70
When there is FPOM there is less?
Shredders
71
When there is a change in Energy source in the River Continuum there is a change in? (2)
Fish Species and Macroinvertebrates
72
Headwater form the 1st to the 3rd order have?
Have cold water with Higher D.O Levels
73
Headwater form the 1st to the 3rd order streams. What is Low and what organisms are dominant
Primarily, productivity is Low and Shedders and Collectors are Dominant
74
What do Collectors collect?
FPOM
75
What do Shedders colect?
CPOM
76
In the Headwaters from the 1st to 3rd order, grazers are?
Minimal
77
What fish are found in the Headwaters 1st to 3rd order? (3)
Trout, Darter and Sculpins
78
In the 3rd Head waters, the respiration and Gross Production is more or less than in Header waters 1?
Less
79
Medium Sized creeks and rivers are in what order of streams?
4th and 6th Order
80
In 4th and 6th order streams, what input decreases?
(2)
Riparian and Detrital Input
81
82
In 4th and 6th Order streams, does the water temperature increase or decrease?
Increases
83
Does the current slow or speed up in the 4th and 6th order streams?
Slow Down
84
In 4th and 6th order streams the primary production of algae and rooted aquatic plants increase or decrease?
Increases
85
Is the GPP in 4th and 6th order streams less or greater than the respiration rate?
Greater
86
Are there more Collectors or Shedders in 4th and 6th order streams?
Collectors and Shedders Disappear
87
Is there a lack of CPOM in 4th and 6th order streams?
Lack
88
What are the dominant consumers of the 4th and 6th order streams? (2)
Collectors and Grazers
89
Predators shift to cold or warm water species in the 4th and 6th order streams?
Warm-Water Species
90
In 6th and 10th order streams the channels are narrower and shallower or wider and deeper?
Wider and Deeper
91
What happens to the temperatures and D.O in 6th and 10th-order streams? Increase or Decrease?
Temperature Increases and D.O Decreases
92
What happens to the flow volume in 6th and 10th order streams? Increase or Decrease?
Increase
93
Does the current becomes faster or slower in 6th and 10th order streams?
Slower
94
Where are Sediments deposited in 6th and 10th order streams?
At the Bottom
95
Does Riparian and autotrophic production increase or decrease in 6th and 10th-order streams?
Decrease
96
What is the main energy source in 6th and 10th order streams?
FPOM
97
What are the Dominant Comsumers in the 6th and 10th-order streams?
Collectors
98
Is the water in 6th and 10th order streams fast, slow, shallow, or deep? (2)
Slow and Deep
99
What is supporting the minimal phytoplankton and zooplankton?
DOM
100
Riffles have a High or Low Velocity Rate?
High
101
Riffles have a High Or Low D.O rate?
High
102
Are the rocks in a Riffles Clean?
Yes
103
Are Insects and Fish found in Riffles?
Yes
104
Is the Velocity in Pools High or Low?
Low
105
Is the D.O in Pools High or Low
Low
106
Are the rocks clean in Pools?
No
107
Are there Insects are Fish in Pools?
Yes
108
What shape are the Fish in Pools?
Flat Shaped
109
What Shape are the Fish in Riffles?
Torpedo Shaped
110
Where are runs and riffles found?
Between and Riffles and Pools
111
In Runs the Water is moving but not?
Rippling over Rocks
112
What is an Estuarie?
River and Streams that drain into the sea
113
Where do young species in freshwater species spawn?
In Estuaries
114
Are most species in Estuaries Benthic?
True
