Chapter 1

Question 1

Study of disease

Answer 1

Pathology

Question 2

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Answer 2

CDC

Question 3

their job is to monitor, tract and report trends in health and aging. These statically information is sent to the NCHS the National Center for Health Statistics Studying these trends help the public in general to get the information out to better improve their lives and healt

Answer 3

CDC

Question 4

abnormal disturbance of the function or structure of the body

Answer 4

Disease

Question 5

origin and development of disease Sequence of events that leads from cause to structural and functional abnormalities and finally to manifestatio

Answer 5

Pathogenesis

Question 6

Display of characteristic sign or symptoms of a disease (data) observable changes resulting from cellular changes in the disease process

Answer 6

Manifestation

Question 7

patients perception of a disease it is subjective (headache, stomach pain, this list is put under patient history)

Answer 7

Symptom

Question 8

is an objective manifestation that can be detected by a physician during an exam (fever, rash, and swelling) listed on the physical examination

Answer 8

Signs

Question 9

group of signs and symptoms that characterizes a specific abnormal disturbance they occur together

Answer 9

Syndrome

Question 10

when a disease process, does not produce symptoms in the early stage

Answer 10

Asymptomatic

Question 11

the study of the cause of a disease, the why and how (viruses, bacteria, trauma)

Answer 11

Etiology

Question 12

acquired from or within the health care environment the need for proper infection control practices would help limit this type of acquired diseas

Answer 12

Nosocomial

Question 13

this type of reaction are adverse responses that occur from the medical treatment themselves, Complications that arise from the medical practitioners (doctors, nurses, x-ray tech) it can be induced by attitude, treatment, or comments. It could such as a collapse lung from a line placement

Answer 13

Iatrogenic

Question 14

a disease if unknown cause

Answer 14

Idiopathic

Question 15

disease has a quick onset or lasting a relatively short period time

Answer 15

Acute

Question 16

the opposite of acute it is a disease that presents slowly and over a long period of time

Answer 16

Chronic

Question 17

name of the disease a patient is believed to have

Answer 17

Diagnosis

Question 18

prediction of the course and the outcome of the disease, it can be based on both morbidity and mortality estimate

Answer 18

Prognosis

Question 19

is the investigation of disease in large groups, the scientific study of the factors that influence the incidence, distribution and control of infectious diseases, the study of occurrence in human population. The incidence of a given disease refers to the number of new cases found in a given period of time

Answer 19

Epidemiology

Question 20

decreasing normal body tissue, there could be changes in the tissue thickness, such as atrophy from limited us

Answer 20

. These type of diseases are classified as subtractive or destructive disease processes and require a decrease In the exposure technique

Question 21

an increase in normal tissue density.

Answer 21

These are classified as additive or sclerotic disease processes and require an increase in exposure technique

Question 22

number of deaths caused by a particular disease per number of people in the population

Answer 22

mortality rate

Question 23

-incidence of illness in the population sufficient to interfere with an individual’s normal daily routine (the frequency of disability with a population / number of people in the population

Answer 23

Morbidity Rate

Question 24

when a disease is highly prevalent to an area, it is an outbreak and rapid spread of a disease in a community, affecting many people at the same time

Answer 24

Epidemic

Question 25

Congenital and Hereditary Inflammatory Degenerative –retrogressive changes in the cell often leads to cell death Metabolic Traumatic Neoplastic

Answer 25

Disease Classifications

Question 26

-disease present at birth either genetic or environmental, a congenital defect is not necessarily hereditary it can be acquired by infection, radiation, drugs (avoidance)

Answer 26

Congenital

Question 27

abnormalities of individual genes in chromosomes and are derived from ancestors’ ex. Hemophilia Maybe dominant (transmitted by a single gene from either parent)or recessive ( transmitted by both parents to child

Answer 27

Hereditary Diseases

Question 28

results from the body’s reaction to localized injurious agent. Ex.Pneumonia, allergic reaction can results from microorganism (viruses, bacteria, fungi)An invasion starts with capillary dilatation to allow fluids and leukocytes to infiltrate intothe damage area, cellular necrosis is common to acute inflammation, and the leukocyte serves to remove the dead material by phagocytosis (engulfing of cells or microorganism and ingest it

Answer 28

Inflammatory Disease

Question 29

disease in which the antibodies form against and injure the patient’s own tissues, (known as autoantibodies) Normally antibodies are formed in response to foreign antigens

Answer 29

Autoimmune Disorder

Question 30

are caused by a deterioration (break down) of the body(aging) thebody natural reaches a mature level and then starts to fade to the point the body can no longer survive. Heredity, diet and environmental factors are known to effect the rate of aging. Over time the function of the tissues decrease by decrease in cell numbers or function.

Answer 30

Degenerative Disease

Question 31

- caused by disturbance in the normal physiologic function of the body

Answer 31

Metabolic Disease

Question 32

sum of all physical and chemical processes in the body by endocrine disorders (diabetes, hyperthyroidism

Answer 32

Metabolism

Question 33

disturbances of fluid and electrolytes balance, caused by an insufficient intake of water or excessive loss of it can be caused by vomiting, diarrhea, or use of diuretics. Upset the normal body’s balanc

Answer 33

Dehydration

Question 34

effects of a wound or injury physical or psychic

Answer 34

Traumatic

Question 35

is a new abnormal tissue growth

Answer 35

Neoplastic

Question 36

general term that describes various types of cellular changes that can occur in response to a disease, structural changes maybe biochemical or visib

Answer 36

Lesion

Question 37

remains localized and usually noninvasiv

Answer 37

Benign Neoplams

Question 38

increase growth, spreads and invades other tissue

Answer 38

Malignant Neoplasms

Question 39

spread of malignant cancer cel

Answer 39

Metastasis

Question 40

spread by the circulatory system/ blood system

Answer 40

Hematogenous

Question 41

spread by the lymph system

Answer 41

Lymphatic

Question 42

cancer cells spread to close proximity to are

Answer 42

Invasion

Question 43

cancer cells spread to a different area, a distant site or organ

Answer 43

Seeding

Question 44

Hematogenous, lymphatic, invasion and seeding

Answer 44

Metastasis Spread

Question 45

derived from epithelial tissue

Answer 45

Carcinoma

Question 46

derived from connective tissue

Answer 46

Sarcoma

Question 47

From blood cells

Answer 47

Leukemia

Question 48

Lymphatic cells

Answer 48

Lymphoma

Question 49

started in the 1950’s as is based on cancers of similar histology or origin with similar patterns of growth

Answer 49

TNM System

Question 50

Refers to the size of untreated primary cancer or tumor

Answer 50

T

Question 51

Refers to nodes involvement

Answer 51

N

Question 52

Refers to metastases

Answer 52

M

Question 53

Additionally numbers are added to these letters to indicate the extent of malignancy, the progressive increase in size or involvement of the tumor. The higher the number the moreinvolvement has occurred. ex T0 –shows no tumor involvement

Question 54

Refers to the number of new cases found in a given period of time

Answer 54

Incident rate