CHAPTER 1

Question 1

Structural design requires determination of the overall proportions and dimensions of the supporting framework and the selection of the __________________ of individual members.

Answer 1

cross sections

Question 2

structural engineers priority is ____________, ____________, and ______________.

Answer 2

safety, serviceability, and economy

Question 3

produced by heating ore in a charcoal fire

Answer 3

wrought iron

Question 4

used in bridges at the late 18th century

Answer 4

cats iron

Question 5

it is ann alloy of iron and carbon ( less carbon than cast iron) due to Bessemer converter in 1855

Answer 5

steel

Question 6

steels used in construction are generally ________________

Answer 6

carbon steels

Question 7

In US, the first structural steel railroad bridge was the _________________ , constructed in 1874

Answer 7

Eads bridge

Question 8

In 1884, the first building with a steel frame was completed in _______________.

Answer 8

Chicago

Question 9

Steel is an alloy in which its main component is _______________

Answer 9

iron

Question 10

steel is an alloy in which its smaller component is ____________

Answer 10

carbon

Question 11

the carbon in steel contributes to strength but reduces ____________________.

Answer 11

ductility

Question 12

These are mostly iron and less than one percent carbon

Answer 12

plain carbon steels

Question 13

These are made of iron and carbon plus less than five percent other components

Answer 13

low - alloy steels

Question 14

same composition with low - alloy steels but with higher percentage of the components added to iron and carbon, with specual quality

Answer 14

high - alloy or specialty steels

Question 15

alloy type by carbon weight

up to 0.25 %

Answer 15

low carbon/mild steel

Question 16

alloy type by carbon weight

0.25% to 0.6%

Answer 16

medium carbon steel

Question 17

alloy type by carbon weight

0.6 to 2.0%

Answer 17

high carbon steel

Question 18

alloy type by carbon weight

2.0 % to 4.0%

Answer 18

cast iron

Question 19

A yield point, min. of A36 is ___________.

Answer 19

36 ksi

Question 20

A yield point of A572 Gr. 50 is

Answer 20

50 ksi

Question 21

the yield point,min. of A992 is

Answer 21

50 ksi

Question 22

tensile strength of A36

Answer 22

58 to 80 ksi

Question 23

tensile strength of A572 or A992

Answer 23

65 ksi

Question 24

Maximum yield to tensile ratio of A992

Answer 24

0.85

Question 25

f is denoted as

Answer 25

axial tensile stress

Question 26

it is the ability of a material to resist breaking when force is applied

Answer 26

toughness

Question 27

This is how much force need to be applied before material defoms.

Answer 27

strength

Question 28

this is how well a material holds together when friction is applied.

Answer 28

hardness

Question 29

this is the ability to undergo large deformations before fracturing and measured by elongation

Answer 29

ductility

Question 30

____________ materials fracture at low strain and absorbs little energy.

Answer 30

Britttle materials

Question 31

what does the area under the curve of a stress strain diagram represent?

Answer 31

amsorbed energy

Question 32

The ability of a material to deform plastically and to absorb energy in the process before fracture is termed as __________________.

Answer 32

toughness

Question 33

Recall that ductility is a measure of how much something ________ plastically before fracture, but just because a material is ductile does not make it tough. The key to toughness is a good combination of _____________ and __________.

Answer 33

deforms, strength, ductility

Question 34

one way to measure __________ is by calculating the area under the stress strain curve from a tensile test.

Answer 34

toughness

Question 35

The proportional limit, elastic limit, upper and lower yield points is ___________, Fy

Answer 35

idealized diagram, yield point

Question 36

according to hooke's law, stress is

Answer 36

modulus of elasticity times strain

Question 37

what method is used for less ductile and no well - defined yield point or yield plateau

Answer 37

0.2 % offset method

Question 38

a generic term ______________ is used to mean either yield point or yield strength

Answer 38

yield stress

Question 39

MOST COMMON STEEL SHAPES what is the preferred steel for angles, plates, S, M, C,and MC

Answer 39

A36

Question 40

MOST COMMON STEEL SHAPES what is the preferred steel for HP

Answer 40

A572 Grade 50

Question 41

MOST COMMON STEEL SHAPES preferred steel for W

Answer 41

A992

Question 42

MOST COMMON STEEL SHAPES what is the preferred steel for pipe

Answer 42

A53 Grade B (only choice)

Question 43

What is readily available in the Philippines

Answer 43

A36