CHAPTER 1 Flashcards
1
Q
It is any substance (with the exception of food and water) which, when taken into the body, alters the body’s function either physically and/or psychologically.
A
DRUGS
2
Q
Types of Drugs:
A
NATURAL
SYNTHETIC
HERBAL DRUGS
UNRECOGNIZED DRUGS
ILLICIT DRUGS
3
Q
Plant leaves, flowering tops, hashish, opium and marijuana.
A
NATURAL
4
Q
Drugs that are products by laboratories.
A
SYNTHETIC
5
Q
Drugs requiring written authorization from a doctor before they can be purchased.
A
PRESCRIPTIVE DRUGS
6
Q
Are non-prescription medicines, which may be purchased form only any pharmacy or drugstore without written authorization from a doctor.
A
OVER-THE-COUNTER DRUGS (OTC’s)
7
Q
Any person who is registered and entitled under the laws of the Philippines to practice the profession of medicine, to include dentistry and veterinary medicine.
A
MEDICAL PRACTITIONER
8
Q
A written direction by a medical practitioner that a stated quantity of a dangerous drug in any form or drug in parenteral form containing a controlled chemical, be dispensed for the patient named therein.
A
PRESCRIPTION
9
Q
Who may prescribe dangerous drugs?
A
PDEA (Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency)
10
Q
Are plant substances that have drug effects and whose use is not generally regulated by the law.
A
HERBAL DRUGS
11
Q
Are commercial products that have a psychoactive drug effects but are not usually considered drugs.
A
UNRECOGNIZED DRUGS
12
Q
These are drugs whose sale, purchase or use is generally prohibited by law.
A
ILLICIT DRUGS
13
Q
It is the amount of drug taken at one time.
A
DOSE
14
Q
Types of Dose:
A
MINIMAL
MAXIMAL
TOXIC
ABUSIVE
LETHAL
15
Q
It refers to the amount needed to treat or heal, that is, the smallest amount of drug that will produce a therapeutic effect.
A
MINIMAL
16
Q
It pertains to the largest amount of drug that will produce a desired therapeutic effect, without any accompanying symptoms of toxicity.
A
MAXIMAL
17
Q
It is the amount of drug that produces untoward effects or symptoms of poisoning.
A
TOXIC
18
Q
The amount needed to produce the side effects and action desired by an individual who improperly uses it.
A
ABUSIVE
19
Q
The amount of drug that will cause death.
A
LETHAL
20
Q
A substance which when taken into the human body cures illness and/or relieves signs/symptoms of disease.
A
MEDICINAL DRUGS
21
Q
These are drugs that relieve pain.
A
ANALGESICS
22
Q
Analgesics however, they may produce the opposite effects on somebody who suffers from ___________ or _______________.
A
PEPTIC ULCER OR GAS IRRITATION
23
Q
Drugs that combat or control infectious organisms.
A
ANTIBIOTICS
24
Q
Those drugs that can lower body temperature or fever due to infection.
A
ANTIPYRETICS
25
Those drug that control or combat allergic reactions.
ANTIHISTAMINES
26
These are drugs that prevent the meeting of the egg cell and sperm cell or prevent the ovary from releasing egg cells.
CONTRACEPTIVES
27
Drugs that relieve congestion of nasal passages.
DECONGESTANTS
28
They can ease the expulsion of mucus and phlegm from the lungs and throat.
EXPECTORANTS
29
Drugs that stimulates defecation and encourage bowel movement.
LAXATIVES
30
These are drugs that can calm and quite the nerves and relieve anxiety without causing depression and clouding of the mind.
SEDATIVES AND TRANQUILIZERS
31
Those substances necessary for normal growth and development and proper functioning of the body.
VITAMINS
32
Drugs may cause toxic effects because of any of the following:
OVERDOSE
ALLERGY
IDIOSYNCRASY
POISONOUS PROPERTY
SIDE EFFECTS
33
When too much of a drug is taken into the physiological system of the human body, there may be an extension of its effects.
OVERDOSE
34
Some drugs cause the release of histamines giving rise to allergic symptoms such as dermatitis, swelling, falls in blood pressure, suffocation and death.
ALLERGY
35
It refers to the individual reaction to a drug, food, etc. for unexplained reason.
IDIOSYNCRASY
36
Drugs are chemicals and some of them have the property of being general protoplasmic poisons.
POISONOUS PROPERTY
37
Some drugs are not receptors for one organ but receptors of other organ as well.
SIDE EFFECTS
38
The effects in the other organs may constitute a side effect, which are most of the time unwanted.
SIDE EFFECTS
39
The science of poisons, their effects and antidotes.
TOXICOLOGY
40
How drugs are used?
ORALLY
INHALATION
INJECTION
SNORTING/INSUFFLATION
BUCCAL
SUPPOSITORIES
TOPICAL
41
This is the safest, most convenient and economical route whenever possible.
ORALLY
42
The drug is taken by the mouth and must pass through the stomach before being absorbed in the bloodstream.
ORALLY
43
This is the most common ways of taking drugs.
ORALLY
44
A drug in gaseous form enters the lungs and is quickly absorbed by the capillary system.
INHALATION
45
It is probably the second most commonly employed drug administration.
INHALATION
46
Drug is administered to the body by the use of syringe or hypodermic needle.
INJECTION
47
Fastest way in drug administration.
INJECTION
48
Drug is administered to the body by the use of syringe or hypodermic needle in the following ways:
SUBCUTANEOUS
INTRAMUSCULAR
INTRAVENOUS
49
The drug is injected just below the surface of the skin.
SUBCUTANEOUS
50
Subcutaneous is sometimes called as?
SKIN POPPING
51
How many degrees in subcutaneous?
45 degrees
52
Administration involves the injection of a drug into a large muscle mass that has a good blood supply, such as the gluteus maximus, quadriceps or triceps.
INTRAMUSCULAR
53
How many degrees in intramuscular?
90 degrees
54
This is the most efficient means of administration which involves depositing a drug directly to the blood stream.
INTRAVENOUS
55
This is also the most rapid drug administration.
INTRAVENOUS
56
How many degrees in intravenous?
25 degrees
57
Inhalation of drugs through the nose.
SNORTING/INSUFFLATION
58
It is done by inhaling a powder or a liquid drug into the nasal coats of the mucous membrane.
SNORTING/INSUFFLATION
59
Difference of Inhalation and Snorting:
Inhalation is on _________, while snorting is in _________?
GASEOUS STATE ; SOLID OR LIQUID SUBSTATNCE
60
Drug is placed in the buccal cavity just under the lips.
BUCCAL
61
The active ingredients of the drug are absorbed in the blood stream through the soft tissues lining the mouth.
BUCCAL
62
Drug is administered through the vagina or rectum in a suppository form and the drug is absorbed into the blood stream.
SUPPOSITORIES
63
This refers to the application of drugs directly to a body site such as the mucous membrane.
TOPICAL
64
These are drugs that are attended by risk and therefore unsafe, perilous, and hazardous to people using it.
DANGEROUS DRUGS
65
These are strictly prohibited that possession of them is punishable (RA 9165 Art. 2 Sec. 11).
DANGEROUS DRUGS
66
Dangerous Drugs are strictly prohibited that possession of them is punishable in?
RA 9165 Art. 2 Sec. 11
67
Those listed in the Schedules annexed to the 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, as amended by the 1972 Protocol, and in the Schedules annexed to the 1971 Single Convention on Psychotropic Substances.
RA 9165
68
THE ACT INSTITUTING COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 2002, REPEALING REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6425, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF 1972, AS AMENDED, PROVIDING FUNDS THEREFOR, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
RA 9165
69
RA 9165 was enacted on?
JUNE 7, 2002
70
RA 9165 was enacted on June 7, 2002 under the administration of __________?
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
71
Means as the study of how a drug affects the body.
PHARMACOLOGY
72
According to effects, dangerous drugs are classified as:
NARCOTICS
STIMULANTS (UPPERS)
DERESSANTS (DOWNERS)
HALLUCINOGENS
73
They do not prescribe medications, who studies the effects of chemicals and drugs on living organisms.
PHARMACOLOGIST
74
The term "narcotic" comes from the _______ that means _________ .
GREEK WORD "NARTIKOS" ; "STUPOR"
75
Is originally referred to a variety of substances that dulled the senses and relieved pain.
NARCOTICS (OPIOIDS)
76
Narcotics is also known as?
OPIOIDS
77
These are drugs relieve pain and produce profound sleep or stupor.
NARCOTICS
78
Medically, they are potent painkillers, cough depressants, and as an active component of anti-diarrheal preparations.
NARCOTICS
79
THE FOLLOWING ARE CLASSIFIED AS NARCOTICS:
OPIUM
MORPHINE
HEROIN
CODEINE
80
It is extracted from the coagulated juice poppy plant.
OPIUM
81
What is the scientific name of opium?
PAPAVER SUMNIFERUM LINNE
82
3 MAIN SOURCES OF ILLEGAL OPIUM
▪ Burma (Myanmar)
▪ Afghanistan
▪ Columbia
83
It can be in the form of aqueous solution, granulated, and powdered.
OPIUM
84
What are the alkaloids/derivatives of opium?
Morphine, Codeine, Thebaine, Papaverine, Heroin (diamorphine, diacetylmorphine), Dihydromorphinone, Methyl dihydromorphinone, and Apomorphine.
85
What is the active ingredient and analgesic property of Opium?
MECONIC ACID
86
Slang names of Opium:
"Gum", "Gamot", "Kalamay", "Panocha"
87
It is the principal derivative of opium and the most active.
MORPHINE
88
It is a white crystalline powder, light porous cubes or small white tablets.
MORPHINE
89
Morphine was derived from the name _______, the _____________ because of its dreamful effect, which follows its initial stimulating effect
"Morpheus" , Greek god of Dream
90
It is effective as a painkiller six times potent or stronger than opium, with a high dependence- producing potential.
MORPHINE
91
Serves as anesthesia during WW2.
MORPHINE
92
Morphine was 1st discovered by?
Friedrich Serturner
93
Slang names of Morphine:
"M", Dreamer", "Pectoral", "Syrup", "AAA", "1A", "999"
94
It chemically known as Diacetylmorphine or Diamorphine.
HEROIN
95
The most addicting opium derivative.
HEROIN
96
3-5 times more potent than morphine.
HEROIN
97
Heroin was 1st discovered by?
Alder Wright
98
Slang names of Heroin?
"Snow", "Stuff", "Junk tooth", "H" "Miracle drug"
99
A derivative of morphine commonly available in cough preparations.
CODEINE
100
It is the Methyl Ether of morphine and the least effective.
CODEINE
101
Codeine was 1st discovered by?
Pierre Robique
102
SYNTHETIC OPIOIDS
DEMEROL
METHADONE
PERCODAN
DARVON
PAREGONIC
LAUDANUM
FENTANYL
103
A morphine-like opioid and it is a brand name of meperidine.
DEMEROL
104
As a powerful painkiller, an addiction to the drug can develop quickly.
DEMEROL
105
It is a powerful drug used for pain relief and treatment of drug addiction.
METHADONE
106
It is an opioid agonist of the morphine-type.
PERCODAN
107
It is a mu-opioid agonist, it may be subject to misuse, abuse, and addiction.
DARVON (PROPOXYPHENE)
108
It is a substance that activates mu-opioid receptors.
MU-OPIOD AGONIST
109
Are receptors that are responsible for pain
relief.
MU-OPIODS RECEPTORS
110
Camphorated tincture of opium.
PAREGONIC
111
It is a mixture of opium, camphor, benzoic acid, and anise oil in alcohol.
PAREGONIC
112
Drugs that has a fragrant odor.
CAMPHOR
113
It is a tincture of opium containing approximately 10% powdered opium.
LAUDANUM
114
A designer narcotic whose potency may even be greater than heroin's.
FETANYL
115
It is an effective pain killing drug.
FENTANYL
116
It means substances chemically related to but slightly different from controlled substances.
DESIGNER DRUGS
117
Synthetic opioid that is similar to morphine but is _________ more potent.
50-100 TIMES
118
Slang terms of Fentanyl:
"Apache", "China Girl", "China White", "Jackpot"
119
These are drugs that produce excitation, alertness, and wakefulness, intense feeling of "highness" and in some cases, a temporary rise in blood pressure and respiration.
STIMULANTS
120
It works by increasing the activity of the brain chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine.
STIMULANTS
121
Is involved in the reinforcement of rewarding behaviors.
DOPAMINE
122
These are hormones responsible for the movement, attention, mood of a person.
DOPAMINE
123
Affects blood vessels, blood pressure and heart rate, blood sugar, and breathing.
NOREPINEPHRINE
124
People who use prescription stimulants report feeling a "rush" (euphoria) along with the following:
a. increased blood pressure and heart rate
b. increased breathing
c. decreased blood flow
d. increased blood sugar
e. opened-up breathing passages
125
People who use prescription stimulants report feeling a of?
"rush" (euphoria)
126
THE FOLLOWING ARE CLASSIFIED AS STIMULANTS:
COCAINE
AMPHETAMINES
METHAMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE (SHABU)
FLAKKA
CAFFEINE
127
This is a natural produce obtained/extracted from the leaves of Erythroxylum coca (scientific name) or the Coca Bush.
COCAINE
128
Cocaine was first isolated in 1860 by:
Dr. Albert Nieman
129
There are basically three chemical forms of cocaine:
the hydrochloride salt, "freebase" and the Crack.
130
Is made by mixing baking soda or ammonia into the powder form of cocaine.
CRACK
131
Are a group of drugs that increase the activity of certain chemicals in the brain.
AMPHETAMINES
132
Amphetamines are derived from __________, a plant native to ______ and __________.
ephedra (Ephedra sinica) ; China and
Mongolia.
133
They are derived from ephedra (Ephedra sinica), a plant native to China and Mongolia.
AMPHETAMINES
134
The plant contains ephedrine and pseudoephedrine, which are natural alkaloids, or nitrogenous organic compounds that cause a physiological response in humans.
EPHEDRA (EPHEDRA SINICA)
135
The plant contains __________ and _______, which are natural alkaloids, or nitrogenous organic compounds that cause a physiological response in humans.
ephedrine and pseudoephedrine
136
Slang names of Amphetamines:
"Beanies", "copilots", "football hearts", "pep pills", "ampies", "Speedballs"
137
It is white, colorless, crystal or crystalline powder with a bitter numbing taste.
METHAMPHETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE (SHABU)
138
Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (Shabu) was considered as the poor man's cocaine and was 1st synthesized in ___________"Kakuseizai".
JAPAN (1919)
139
Slang names of Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (Shabu):
"upper or speed", "Shabs", "Tubas", "S", "Spoil", "Ha", and "Ice".
140
The feeling as if grains of sand are lying under the skin or small insects are creeping on the skin.
Meth bugs / Magnan's Symptoms
141
AKA Bath salts, Ivory Wave, The zombie drug
FLAKKA
142
Flakka aka:
Bath salts, Ivory Wave, The zombie drug
143
Flakka is from _________ of East Africa and Southern Arabia.
KHAT PLANT
144
People who use it have gone on mad, violent, zombie-like rampages.
FLAKKA
145
It is a drug that is present in coffee, tea, chocolate, cola drinks and some wakeup pills.
CAFFEINE
146
These are drugs which suppress vital body functions especially those of the brain or central nervous system with the resulting impairment of judgment, hearing, speech, and muscular coordination.
DEPRESSANTS (DOWNERS)
147
They dull the minds, slow down body reactions to such an extent that accidental deaths/or suicides, usually happen.
DEPRESSANTS (DOWNERS)
148
149
These are drugs used for inducing sleep in persons plagued with anxiety, mental stress and insomnia.
BARBITURATES
150
Who synthesized Malonyl Caltamide or the so called barbituric acid?
Adolf Von Bayer
151
Adolf Von Bayer synthesized _________ or the so called _________?
Malonyl Caltamide ; barbituric acid.
152
Slang names of Barbiturates:
"Goofballs", "Footballs", "Barbs", "Blockbuster"
153
Types of Barbiturates;
AMO-BARBITAL (AMYTAL)
SECO-BARBITAL (SECONAL)
PENTO-BARBITAL (NEMBUTAL)
PHENO-BARBITAL (LUMINAL)
COMBINATION OF AMBOBARBITAL - SECOBARBITAL (TUINAL)
154
In solid blue capsule form known as "Blues", "Blue devils", "Blue heavens", "Blue birds", and "Blue dragons"
AMO-BARBITAL (AMYTAL)
155
In red capsule form called "Reds", "Red birds", "Red devils", and "Seggy".
SECO-BARBITAL (SECONAL)
156
It is found in solid yellow capsule known to the abusers as "yellow jackets", or "Nemies"
PENTO-BARBITAL (NEMBUTAL)
157
"Purple heart", "Barbs"
PHENO-BARBITAL (LUMINAL)
158
"Tooles", "Christmas Tree", "Rainbow"
COMBINATION OD AMOBARBITAL - SECOBARBITAL (TUNAIL)
159
It is a sedative-hypnotic drug that is similar in effect to barbiturates, a general central nervous system depressant.
METHAQUALONE
160
Drugs that induces calmness; makes the person more relaxed.
SEDATIVE
161
Sleep inducing dugs.
HYPNOTIC
162
Trade Names of Methaqualone:
Quaalude"/"ludes", "Sopor"/"soaps", "Parest", and "Optimil"
163
Methaqualone was first synthesized in _______ used for treating malaria
INDIA (1951)
164
A methaqualone and diphenhydramine combination pill.
MANDRAX
165
It may also contain benzodiazepines, barbiturates, or ephedrine.
MANDRAX
166
These are drugs used in treating nervous disorders or calm psychotic patients or mental disorders without producing sleep.
TRANQUILIZERS
167
Some of its type of tranquilizers includes:
Diazepam and Meprobamate
168
It is considered as the 'king' of all drugs and most extensively legalized drugs throughout the world.
ALCOHOL
169
The inhalation of solvent fumes from glue, gasoline, and paint thinner and lighter fluid will produce a form of intoxication.
INHALANTS
170
A variety or mind-altering drugs which distort reality, thinking and perception of time, sound, space and sensation.
HALLUCINOGENS (PSYCHEDELIC)
171
It usually affects the user by Hallucination, Illusion and Delusion.
HALLUCINOGENS (PSYCHEDELIC)
172
Interfere with the action of the brain chemical serotonin, which regulates mood, sensory, and perception.
HALLUCINOGENS
173
Chemical messenger of the brain and the body.
SEROTONIN
174
THE FOLLOWING ARE CLASSIFIED AS HALLUCINOGENS:
CANNABIS SATIVA/MARIJUANA
LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD)
MESCALINE
PSILOCYBIN
ECSTASY
PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP)
175
Considered to be the world's oldest cultivated plant.
CANNABIS SATIVA / MARIJUANA
176
The most important psycho-active ingredient of Cannabis is known as __________ or __________:
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or the Delta 9
177
The TCH was first synthesized by __________-; an Israeli organic chemist and professor of Medicinal Chemistry.
Raphael Mechoulam
178
Cannabis Sativa / Marijuana is also called as:
Indian hemp, Grass, Damo, Weed, Ganja
179
It is a drug called known as the "Assassins of the Youth".
CANNABIS SATIVA / MARIJUANA
180
Cannabis is prepared in the following manner:
MARIJUANA
WEED/POT
HASHISH
HASH OIL
JOINT
181
Dried leaves of cannabis plant.
MARIJUANA
182
Dried flowering tops.
WEEED/POT
183
Is derived from the "kief," or the dried resin, of the flowering tops of mature and unpollinated female cannabis plants.
HASHISH
184
Is a concentrated cannabis extract and the most potent among all preparations.
HASH OIL
185
MJ cigarette.
JOINT
186
The drug was first synthesized by Dr. Albert Hoffman and Dr. Arthur Steel.
LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD)
187
It is synthesized from the Ergot plants - a fungus that parasites rye and other grains.
LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD)
188
This drug is the most powerful of the Psychedelics and it is 1,000 times more powerful than marijuana.
LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD)
189
Is a colorless, tasteless, odorless, usually liquid form and taken orally
LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD)
190
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) was first synthesized by ___________ and ________.
Dr. Albert Hoffman and Dr. Arthur Steel
191
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) is synthesized from the _________ - a fungus that parasites rye and other grains.
Ergot plants
192
Higher doses cause a more serious condition called __________ in which the tissue in the feet, legs, hands, and arms becomes dry and black.
GANGRENOUS ERGOTISM
193
Slang names of Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD):
Acid, Blotter Acid, California Sunshine, hoze, Microdots, paper acid, purple haze, sunshine
194
Usually in the form of paper strips and abused orally.
LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE (LSD)
195
Is a hallucinogen obtained from the small, spineless cactus Peyote (Lophophora williamsi). The top of it are cut off and dried in the sun to form peyote or mescal buttons which contain the active drug, mescaline.
MESCALINE
196
Slang names of Mescaline:
"Battons", "Cactus", "Mese", "Mescal", "Mescal Buttons"
197
A drug derived from the psylocybe mushrooms (azurescens, semilanceata, cyanescens) is eaten and they produced an effect quite similar to mescaline and LSD.
PSILOCYBIN
198
These mushrooms induce nausea, muscular relaxation, mood changes with visions of bright colors and shapes and later maybe followed by depressions laziness and complete loss of time and space perceptions.
PSILOCYBIN
199
Slang words for "magic mushrooms" are:
zoomers, shroom, sewage fruit, goom.
200
A group of drugs that chemically includes Methylenedioxy-ethamphetamine (MDMA), Methylenedioxy-amphetamine (MDMA) and methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA).
ECSTASY
201
Because the drug produces euphoric effects, increased sensitivity to touch, and lowered inhibitions.
ECSTASY
202
Also known as party drugs.
ECSTASY
203
MDMA means:
Methylenedioxy-methamphetamine
204
MDMA means:
Methylenedioxy-amphetamine
205
It popularly known as the "love drug".
ECSTASY
206
Slang names for Ecstasy:
"XTC", "Adam" "molly" (US), "mandy" (UK)
207
It was developed in the late 1950s as an intravenous anesthetic.
PHENCYCLIDINE (PCP)
208
PCP first appeared on the street drug scene in ________- as the __________.
1967 ; Peace Pill
209
In _______, PCP reappeared in New York as ___________.
1968 ; "Hog"
