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CMPG 311 > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Characteristics of data

A

Ubiquitous (abundant)

Pervasive (unescapable)

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2
Q

Data sources

A

Manual

Automatic

Sensors

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3
Q

Databases make data…

A

Persistent and shareable in a secure way

Specialised structures that allow computer-based systems to store, manage and retrieve data very quickly

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4
Q

Why databases?

A

Storage

Format

Visualise

See Patterns

Make informed decisions

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5
Q

Data

A

Raw facts, unprocessed
Building blocks of information

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6
Q

Information

A

Produced by processing raw data to reveal its meaning.

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7
Q

Data management

A

a process that focus on the collection, storage and retrieval of data

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8
Q

What is a database?

A

Shared, integrated computer structure that stores a collection end user data and meta data

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9
Q

End-user data

A

raw facts of interest to end user

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10
Q

Metadata

A

data about data, through which the end-user data is integrated and managed (Describes data characteristics and relationships)

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11
Q

Database management system (DBMS)

A

Collection of programs
Manages the database structure
Controls access to data stored in the database

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12
Q

Data inconsistency

A

Different versions of the same data appear in different places

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13
Q

Data quality

A

Accuracy, validity and timeliness of data

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14
Q

Advantages of DBMS

A

Better data integration and less data inconsistency

Increased end-user productivity

Improved
-data sharing
-data security
-data access
-decision making

better data quality

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15
Q

Single-user database

A

supports one user at a time

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16
Q

Desktop database

A

Single-user database on a personal computer

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17
Q

Multiuser database

A

Supports multiple users at the same time

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18
Q

Workgroup database

A

Supports a few users or a specific department

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19
Q

Enterprise database

A

Supports many users acroos many departments

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20
Q

Centralised database

A

Data located at a single site

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21
Q

Distributed database

A

Data distributed across different sites

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22
Q

Cloud database

A

created and maintained using cloud data services that provide defined performance measures for the database

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23
Q

General-purpose database

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A

Contains a wide variety of data used in multiple disciplines

24
Q

Discipline-specific database

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A

contains data focused on specific subject areas

25
Operational database
designed to support a company's day-to-day operations
26
Analytical database
Stores historical data and business metrics (stats) used exclusively for tactical or strategic decision making
27
Data warehouse
Stores data in a format optimised for decision support
28
Online analytical processing (OLAP)
tools for retrieving, processing and modeling data from the data warehouse
29
Business intelligence
Captures and processes business data to generate information that support decision making
30
Unstructured data
data that exists in its original (raw) state
31
Semistructured data
Data that has been processed to some extent
32
Structured data
Data resulted from formatting (structure is applied based on type of processing to be performed)
33
Extensible markup language (XML) DB
represents data elements in textual format
34
Database design
Focuses on design of database structure that will be used to store and manage end-user data
35
Well-designed database
Facilitates data management Generates accurate and valuable information
36
Poorly designed database
Causes difficult-to-trace errors Lead to poor decision-making
37
Evolution of file system data processing
Manual -a system of files and filing cabinets Computerised file systems -Data processing specialist created a computer-based system that would track data and produce required reports File system redux: modern end-user productivity tools: -includes spreadsheet programs such as MS Excel
38
Field
A character or group of characters that has specific meaning. A field is used to define and store data.
39
Record
A logically connected set of one or more fields that describes a person, place or thing.
40
File
A collection of related records.
41
Problems with file systems
Lengthy development times Difficulty of getting quick answers Complex system administration Lack of security and limited data sharing Extensive programming
42
Structural dependence
Access to a file is dependent on its own structure All file system programs are modified to conform to a new file structure
43
Structural independence
File structure is changed without affecting the applications ability to access the data
44
Data dependence
Data access changes when data storage characteristics change
45
Data independence
Data storage characteristics are changed without affecting the programs' ability to access the data
46
Data redundancy
unnecessarily storing the same data at different places
47
Implications of uncontrolled data redundancy
poor data security Data inconsistency Data-entry errors Data integrity problems
48
Data anomalies
These develop when not all the required changes to combat redundant data are made
49
Types of data anomalies
Update anomalies Insertion anomalies Deletion anomalies
50
Database system
Organisation of components that define and regulate the collection, storage, management and use of data within a database environment
51
Components of database systems
Hardware Software People Procedures Data
52
DBMS Functions (1)
Data dictionary Performance tuning (in terms of storage and access speed) Data formatting Security
53
DBMS Functions (2)
Multiuser access control Backup and recovery management Data integrity
54
DBMS functions (3)
Database access languages and application programming interfaces -Query language -SQL Database communication interfaces
55
Disadvantages of database systems
Increased costs management complexity Maintaining currency Vendor dependence Frequent upgrade/replacement cycles

CMPG 311 (7 decks)

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