Chapter 1

Question 1

What does a person’s gender identity refer to?

Answer 1

A person’s psychological sense of being male or female.

Question 2

What is the difference between sex and gender?

Answer 2

Sex refers to biological categories (female and male), while gender refers to social categories (male and female) influenced by societal norms.

Question 3

How is sex defined?

Answer 3

By genes, chromosomes, and hormones.

Question 4

Is culture influential in determining a person’s sex?

Answer 4

No, culture has no influence on one’s sex.

Question 5

What is a key feature of the male sex category?

Answer 5

The Y chromosome.

Question 6

What is the definition of gender role?

Answer 6

Expectations that go along with being male versus female.

Question 7

What are typical expectations associated with the male gender role?

Answer 7

• Strong
• Independent
• Competitive
• Keep emotions hidden

Question 8

What traits are typically associated with the female gender role?

Answer 8

• Caring
• Emotionally expressive
• Polite
• Helpful

Question 9

What is intrarole conflict?

Answer 9

Conflict between expectations within a given role.

Question 10

What is interrole conflict?

Answer 10

Conflict between the expectations of different roles.

Question 11

What consequences may arise from violating gender role norms?

Answer 11

Consequences can be minor or severe, depending on the norm’s centrality and the situation.

Question 12

What is the term used for people who live with a gender identity that does not correspond to their biological sex?

Answer 12

Transgendered individuals.

Question 13

What distinguishes transsexuals from transgendered individuals?

Answer 13

Transsexuals undergo hormonal or surgical treatment to change their sex to match their gender identity.

Question 14

What are intersex persons?

Answer 14

Individuals born with ambiguous genitals.

Question 15

What is Gender Identity Disorder?

Answer 15

A classification of psychopathology for those uncomfortable with their assigned biological sex.

Question 16

How does sex typing differ from gender typing?

Answer 16

Sex typing refers to adhering to assigned gender roles, while gender typing is a more accurate term for the same process.

Question 17

What is a gender-role attitude?

Answer 17

Personal beliefs about how women and men should behave.

Question 18

What defines a traditional gender-role attitude?

Answer 18

Believing women should be nurturing and men should be assertive.

Question 19

What is sexism?

Answer 19

Prejudice toward people based on their sex.

Question 20

What is a sex stereotype?

Answer 20

Beliefs about the characteristics of biological or psychological categories of male and female.

Question 21

What is sex discrimination?

Answer 21

Differential treatment of people based on their biological sex.

Question 22

What is feminism at its most fundamental level?

Answer 22

The belief that women and men should be treated equally.

Question 23

What percentage of college women endorsed some goals of feminism according to Liss, Crawford, & Popp (2004)?

Answer 23

Three-fourths.

Question 24

What is a defining feature of feminism?

Answer 24

A high regard for women.

Question 25

What percentage of ninth and tenth graders endorsed feminism?

Answer 25

Three-fourths ## Footnote Referenced study by Manago, Brown, & Leaper (2009)

Question 26

What did younger students confuse feminism with?

Answer 26

Femininity ## Footnote This confusion highlights a misunderstanding of feminist principles.

Question 27

What was the prevailing theme when students were asked to define feminism?

Answer 27

Equality for women ## Footnote This theme was especially noted among older students.

Question 28

List other themes associated with feminism mentioned by students.

Answer 28

* Female empowerment * Celebrating women * Encouraging women’s aspirations

Question 29

What misconception do some students have about feminists?

Answer 29

Feminists favor women and do not like men ## Footnote This misconception is not a defining characteristic of feminism.

Question 30

What is a defining feature of feminism?

Answer 30

A high regard for women ## Footnote Most people agree that women should be valued.

Question 31

Why are people reluctant to identify as feminists despite positive attitudes toward women?

Answer 31

Feminism has negative connotations ## Footnote This includes perceptions of feminists hating men.

Question 32

What controversial belief is often associated with feminism?

Answer 32

Society needs to make changes for equality to occur ## Footnote This belief can include an impetus for activism.

Question 33

What forms can activism take in the context of feminism?

Answer 33

* Volunteering at a women’s shelter * Participating in a pro-choice rally

Question 34

What do the majority of college women believe regarding community effort and personal achievements?

Answer 34

Community effort is needed to promote equality for women, but their own achievements depend on themselves.

Question 35

What is the 'denial of disadvantage'?

Answer 35

The idea that most women perceive that other women suffer from discrimination but that they have not been victims of discrimination ## Footnote Referenced concept by Crosby (1984).

Question 36

What is the central feature of feminism according to the text?

Answer 36

Belief in gender equality ## Footnote Activism is also an important feature for some individuals.