Chapter 1 Flashcards
(28 cards)
What is communication?
-the process that consists of 2 or more people exchanging information
-includes facts, thoughts, ideas, feelings
-does NOT have to be vocalized, can include gestures & body language
What is Speech?
the expression of thoughts in spoken words (oral, verbal communication); ARTICULATION, FLUENCY, VOICE.
Articulation
the motor production of speech sounds (movement)
Fluency
the flow of speaking; rate & rhythm of our speech
Voice
-the quality, pitch, loudness, and resonance
-how we use our vocal folds to breathe and makes sounds
What is language?
the complex & dynamic system of conventional symbols that is used in various modes for thought and communication
-has 5 parameters (phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics)
socially shared code that is used to represent concepts
Form
-phonology
-morphology
-syntax
Phonology
the study of the SOUND SYSTEM of a language & includes the RULES that govern spoken language
Morphology
the study of the STRUCTURE OF WORDS; it analyzes HOW WORDS CAN BE DIVIDED IN TO PARTS.
-larger parts-prefixes and suffixes (word beginnings and endings)
-grammer
Morpheme
the smallest meaningful unit of language (little bigger unit)
ex Cat and Cats
Syntax
consists of the organizational rules denoting a word, phrase, and clause order, sentence organization and the relationship between words, word classes, and other sentence order.
-WORD ORDER
-GRAMMER
EX. white house and casa blanca
(syntactical differences of spanish and english)
Content
Semantics
Semantics
the study of linguistic meaning and includes the meaning of words, phases, and sentences.
-VOCABULARY: we read, we write, we understand, we categorize
Use
Pragmatics
Pragmatics
the study of language used to communicate within various situational contexts.
-SOCIAL USE OF COMMUNICATION
*3 major skills:
-using language of different reasons
-changing language for the listener or situation
-following rules for conversations
(PROXIMITY, EYE CONTACT, GESTURES, WORD EMPHASIS…)
Communication Disorders
the IMPAIRMENT in the ability to SEND, RECEIVE, PROCESS, AND COMPREHEND concepts, including VERBAL, NONVERBAL, and GRAPHIC SYMBOL SYSTEMS.
Speech Disorder
indicates ORAL, VERBAL COMMUNICATION that is SO DEVIENT from the NORM that it is NOTICEABLE OR INTERFERES WITH COMMUNICATION.
Language Disorder
IMPAIRED COMPREHENSION and/or USE OF SPOKEN, WRITTEN, and/or OTHER SYMBOL SYSTEMS.
*May involve one or more of the following areas: PHONOLOGY, MORPHOLOGY, SYNTAX, SEMANTICS, and PRAGMANTICS.
Phoneme
the smallest unit of language that can change meaning.
-the smallest linguistic unit that is able, when combined with other such units, to establish word meanings and distinguish between them.
-it can change the meaning of the word.
-sounds that comprise words (sound realities)
*placed in virgules
ex. /s/, /t/, /p/
Speech Sounds
-represent PHYSICAL SOUND REALITIES; they are the END PRODUCTS OF ARTICULATORY PROCESSES, also called PHONES
*placed in brackets
ex. [h] or [m]
Phonotactics
the descriptions of the ALLOWED COMBINATIONS OF PHONEMES in a particular language (RULES)
Allophones
variations in phoneme realizations that do not change the meaning of the word when they are produced in differing contexts
(PRODUCED A LITTLE DIFFERENT)
-ex. light and dark [l]
Minimal Pairs
two words that DIFFER IN ONLY ONE PHONEME (sound) value
-ex. sail/tail, gate/date, wing/swing (s blends for clinical purposes)
Speech Sound Disorders
refer to ANY DIFFICULTY or COMBINATION OF DIFFICULTIES with PERCEPTION, MOTOR PRODUCTION, PHONOLOGICAL REPERESENTATION of speech sounds & segments (past a certain age).
*NOT a dialect or accent
