Chapter 1 Flashcards by Ethan Rose

Fill in the blanks

The investigative process we use to explain the things we know about ourselves and our surrounding is called ____\

Science

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Experimentation is the scientific way of gathering ____\ about a system under study in a well-defined and reproducible way.

Information
Data

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Scientists ___\ scientific information in a logical and systematic way to avoid confusion and to make it easier to share this information with others.

Organize
Catergorize
Order
Arrange

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Science, as a whole, is divided into smaller ____\ that are limited in scope in order to make the amount of knowledge more manageable.

subdivisions
subdisciplines
aspects
branches
divisions
disciplines
areas
fields

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Chemists are scientist who study ____\ and the laws that govern its behavior

matter

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What is the name of the scientific discipline which studies problems relating to both chemistry and physics?

Two word answer

physical chemistry

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What is the name of the scientific discipline which studies problems relating to both chemistry and biology?

Single word answer

biochemistry

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If you want to study the composition and properties of crude oil, you should probably specialize in which branch of chemistry?
* Organic Chemistry
* Inorganic Chemistry

Organic Chemistry

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True or False?

In order to be a good chemist, you need to understand basic information relating to physics and/or biology.

True

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In order to prepare yourself to become an environmental scientist, you should study which of the following disciplines?
* Chemistry
* Medicine
* Botany
* Biology
* All of the above

Chemistry

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True or False?

Anything that has mass can be classified as matter.

True

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True or False?

Humans can see all forms of matter.

False

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True or False?

Humans can detect some forms of unseen matter by smell.

True

A foul-smelling but harmless additive is mixed with the natural gas

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Which of the following is not considered matter?
* Water
* Air
* Fire
* Food
* Dirt

Fire

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True or False

Both gases and liquids take on the shape of the container that holds them. However, gases fill the container and liquids do not necessarily fill the container.

True

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Which of the following is not a property of the solid phase?
* Not very compressible
* Definite volume
* Indefinite shape
* Packed Particles (high density)

Indefinite Shape

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Which of the following describes a property of the liquid phase?
* Not very compressible
* Definite volume
* Indefinite shape
* Packed Particles (high density)

Definite volume

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Which of the following is not a property of the gas phase?
* Not very compressible
* Definite volume
* Indefinite shape
* Packed Particles (high density)

Definite volume

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What are the two physical parameters that effect the phase state of all substances?
* The amount of substance
* The volume of the substance
* The external pressure
* The external/internal temp

Multiple Answers

The external pressure
The external/internal temp

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Fill the blank

Even many non-scientists know that water is two parts hydrogen and one part oxygen. Two parts hydrogen to one part oxygen describes the ____\ of water

Single word answer

Composition
Chemical composition
Chemical make up
Make up

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Fill in the blank

When we classify water as a liquid (at room temperature) or determine that it has a standard boiling point of 100^o, we are describing some of the ____\ of water

single word answer

Properties
Physical properities

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Fill the blank

When an electrical current is passed through water, hydrogen gas and oxygen gas evolve. Along with composition information, this statement describes the ____\ of water due to added electrical energy

Single word answer

change
chemical change
decomposition
break down

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Which of the following statements are true for rubber, vinegar, and brass?
* They have different properties
* They have the same properties
* They have different composition
* They have the same composition

Mulitple answers

They have different properties
They have different composition

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Four wheels and one steering wheel on a car describes part of its ____\

Single word answer

Composition
Make up

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# True or False Knowing the composition of substance means we know or understand its structure

False

When we know the structure of a sample of matter, we * Know more about its composition * Know less about its composition * Know more about its behavior

* Know more about its behavior

If both graphite and carbon have the same composition, the difference between these two very different substances must be related to _\_\_\_\

* Structure * Differnt Structures * A difference in their structure * Their structure * Their structural differences

Every Chemical substance has a unique set of _\_\_\_\ that distinguish it from all other substances | Single word answer

* Properties * Characteristics

# True or False If two different samples of matter have all properties identical, the samples must be of the same chemical substance.

True

# Fill the blank The type of property that is observed during the attempt of changing a substance into a new substance is a _\_\_\_\ property. | Single word answer

Chemical

# Fill the blank A _\_\_\_\ property is observed without the attempt of causing the change of a substance into a new substance. | Single word answer

Physical

Bromine is a dark red liquid at room temperature with a choking, pungent smell. According to this description, what are some of the physical properties of bromine? * Bromine reacts with metals * Bromine is a liquid at room temp * Bromine has a strong odor * Bromine has a deep reddish-brown color

* Bromine is a liquid at room temp * Bromine has a strong odor * Bromine has a deep reddish-brown color

# True or False Being a gas at room temperature is a physical property of a substance

True

Aluminum is a flexible, silvery-white metallic substance which conducts electricity. It also has a melting point of 660^o, a boiling point of 2467^o, and a density of 2.702g/cm³ at 25^o. According to this description, what are some of the physical properties of aluminum? * Conducts electricity * Malleable matal with a silver-white color * mp=660^oC * denisity=2.702g/cm³ | Mulitple answers

* Conducts electricity * Malleable matal with a silver-white color * mp=660^oC * denisity=2.702g/cm³

# True or False When observing a physical property, a substance may change physical form, but it will still be the same substance.

True

The tendency to rust is a _\_\_\_\ property of iron. * Physical * Chemical

Chemical

Gold is non-flammable metal which does not react with water or oxygen at room temperature. What are some of the chemical properties of gold? * Gold does react with water at room temp * Gold does react with oxygen at room temp * Gold is not flammable * Gold does not react with water at room temp | Muliple Answers

* Gold is not flammable * Gold does not react with water at room temp

# Fill the blank A property that can be observed without changing the composition of a substance is a _\_\_\_\ property. | Single word answer

Physical

A property that can be observed only by attempting to change the composition of a substnace is a _\_\_\_\ property. | Single word answer

Chemical

Which of the following best describes the melting of snow? * Physical Change * Chemical Change

Physical Change

Which of the following best describes the souring of milk? * Physical Change * Chemical Change

Chemical Change

Which of the following best describes the chewing of your food? * Physical Change * Chemical Change

Physical Change

# Identify the change in physical state that matches the description. * endothermic between solid and liquid states * exothermic between gas and liquid states * exothermic between gas and solid states 1. Sublimation 2. Condensation 3. Vaporization 4. Solidification 5. Deposition 6. Melting

* endothermic between solid and liquid states (6 Melting) * exothermic between gas and liquid states (2 Condensation) * exothermic between gas and solid states (5 Deposition)

How do we know that the rusting of nails, when left exposed to the weather outside for some time, is an example of a chemical change? * A new substance with a different properties appears. * The color of the nails change

A new substance with a different properties appears.

# Fill the blank When baking soda is put in vinegar, gas bubbles form very quickly. This is an example of a _\_\_\_\ change. | Single word answer

Chemical

# Fill the blank Fluoride is given to small children in very small quantities through medication or the common municipal water supply. Fluoride is given because it strengthens tooth enamel and prevents tooth decay. Therefore, tooth decay must be an example of a _\_\_\_\ change. | Single word answer

Chemical

In order to keep track of different kinds of matter, scientist _\_\_\_\ it. * Categorize * Randomize * Organize * Change | Multiple Answers

* Categorize * Organize

# Fill the blank The most fundamental way to distinguish matter is based upon its _\_\_\_\. | Two word answer

Chemical Composition

Which of the two major categories of matter do you suppose predominates in nature?

* Mixture * Mixtures

What is the defined limit that allows for the classification of hetero- versus homogeneous mixtures? * It is homogeneous if it appears uniform as seen by the naked eye. * It is homogeneous if it appears uniform as seen in an electron microscope. * It is homogeneous if it appears uniform as seen in a light microscope.

* It is homogeneous if it appears uniform as seen in a light microscope.

How many phases (parts) will you see in a homogeneous mixture? * 0 * 1 * 2 * 2 or more

How should you classify syrup from a maple tree? * pure substance * homogeneous mixture * heterogeneous mixture

homogeneous mixture

What is one common characteristic of suspensions that separates them from true solutions?

* they scatter light * scatter light * scatter * scatters light

Why is whole blood considered a heterogeneous mixture and a suspension?

Whole blood scatters light and if left alone, it will separate - blood clot and liquid.

# True or False An oil/vinegar salad dressing is a type of colloidal suspension.

True

What are the two fundamental kinds of pure substances?

* elements and compounds * compounds and elements * compounds, elements * elements, compounds

# True or False Is 100% pure sugar really pure?

True

# Fill the blank If a substance _\_\_\_\ be broken down into simpler chemical by ordinary chemical means, the substance is an element. | Single word answer

* Can't * Cannot * Can not

All matter is made up of very small particles called

Atoms

What determines the chemical and physical properties of a substance? * the type of atoms that make up the substance * the origin of the substance * the relative number of atoms of a given type in the substance * the structural arrangement of the atoms in the substance | Multiple Answers

* the type of atoms that make up the substance * the relative number of atoms of a given type in the substance * the structural arrangement of the atoms in the substance

# True or False Atoms change identity during the process of chemical change.

False

# True or False Splitting an individual atom during a normal chemical reaction is not possible.

True

# Fill the blank The linkage between atoms of a substance can be broken and the atoms can be reconnected in different ways to form new _\_\_\_\ | Single word answer

* Compound * Substances * Chemicals

# Fill the Blank A unique cluster or combination of atoms is called a _\_\_\_\

Molecule

What makes each type of compound different from all other compounds? * The relative number of atoms of each element present. * The types of elements present. * The spatial arrangement of atoms in space. | Multiple Answers

* The relative number of atoms of each element present. * The types of elements present. * The spatial arrangement of atoms in space.

If table sugar, alcohol and vitamin C are made-up of the exact same elements, why are they so different in terms of their chemical and physical properties? * They have different relative numbers of each type of atom. * Their arrangement in space (structure) must be different. * They have different shelf lives. | Multiple Answers

* They have different relative numbers of each type of atom. * Their arrangement in space

Homoatomic molecules are by definition _\_\_\_\

elements

# True or False Diatomic molecules must contain two different types of atoms.

False

# True or False Ternary compounds can be made of any number of three or more atoms as long as they are made of three different elements.

True

# Fill the blank Molecules made-up with several atoms are sometimes called _\_\_\_\ molecules. | Single word answer

polyatomic

How many atoms of oxygen are found in the following compound -- NaClO₄

How many atoms of carbon are found in the following compound -- NaClO₄

What is the chemical formula of a pure substance containing 2 potassium atoms, 2 chromium atoms and 7 oxygen atoms * P₂Cr₂O₇ * K₂Cr₂O₇ * Po₂Cr₂O₇ * K₂Cr₂O₇

* K₂Cr₂O₇

What kind of compound is K₂Cr₂O₇ * binary compound * ternary compound * polyatomic compound * triatomic compound

* ternary compound

How many total atoms are found in one molecule of a compound with the formula NaC₂H₃O₂

What types of atoms are found in NaC₂H₃O₂ * Nitrogen * Carbon * Sodium * Oxygen * Hydrogen

* Carbon * Sodium * Oxygen * Hydrogen

Chapter 1 Flashcards

Chapter 1 review with additional problems (76 cards)