Chapter 1

Question 1

What is movement in living organisms?

Answer 1

An action causing change in position or place

Question 2

Define respiration in the context of living organisms.

Answer 2

Chemical reaction in cells that breaks down nutrient molecules and releases energy for metabolism

Question 3

What does sensitivity refer to in living organisms?

Answer 3

The ability to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment

Question 4

What is growth in biological terms?

Answer 4

Permanent increase in size and dry mass

Question 5

Define reproduction.

Answer 5

Process which produces offspring

Question 6

What is excretion?

Answer 6

The removal of toxic waste and substances in excess of requirement

Question 7

What does nutrition involve?

Answer 7

The taking in of materials for energy, growth, and development

Question 8

What is egestion?

Answer 8

Removal of undigested food, the faeces

Question 9

Define locomotion.

Answer 9

The movement of an organism from one place to another

Question 10

What is metabolism?

Answer 10

A chemical reaction that involves breaking down or building up molecules

Question 11

What is anabolism?

Answer 11

Building up

Question 12

What is catabolism?

Answer 12

Breaking down

Question 13

What occurs during protein synthesis?

Answer 13

Protein breaking down into amino acids

Question 14

What happens during the creation of nucleic acid?

Answer 14

Chromatin is condensed into chromosomes during cell division

Question 15

What do carbohydrates break down into?

Answer 15

Glucose

Question 16

What is a species?

Answer 16

A group of organisms that can reproduce with similar characteristics to produce fertile offspring

Question 17

Define genus.

Answer 17

A group of related species that share similar characteristics

Question 18

What does the term ‘binomial’ mean?

Answer 18

Meaning 2 names, bi- 2, nomial- naming

Question 19

What is taxonomy?

Answer 19

The science of naming, classifying and dividing organisms into different groups based on shared characteristics

Question 20

What is a molecular clock?

Answer 20

Method used to track evolutionary change of one specific organism over time

Question 21

What is a prokaryotic organism?

Answer 21

Organism without a nucleus

Question 22

Define eukaryotic organism.

Answer 22

Organism that contains a nucleus

Question 23

What is the first rule of binomial naming?

Answer 23

The first name will be the name of the genus, capitalized

Question 24

What is the second rule of binomial naming?

Answer 24

The second name is the species, all letters are small

Question 25

List the levels of the Linnean System.

Answer 25

* Kingdom * Phylum * Class * Order * Family * Genus * Species

Question 26

What does the Linnaeus Naming System use for classification?

Answer 26

Based on physical similarities

Question 27

What distinguishes prokaryotes from eukaryotes?

Answer 27

* No nucleus * No double membrane bound organelles

Question 28

What organisms are classified as Monera?

Answer 28

All prokaryotes

Question 29

What are the divisions of the 6 Kingdom System?

Answer 29

* Plant * Animal * Protist * Fungi * Eubacteria * Archaebacteria

Question 30

True or False: The Modern Naming System is based on both physical and genetic similarities.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

How many kingdoms did the Linnaeus system have?

Answer 31

2 Kingdoms

Question 32

How many kingdoms does the modern system have?

Answer 32

5 Kingdoms (or 6 in more updated classification)

Question 33

What are the Linnaeus system classifications based on?

Answer 33

Physical similarities

Question 34

What are the modern system classifications based on?

Answer 34

Physical similarities and genetic similarities

Question 35

What does the Linnaeus system rely on?

Answer 35

Biologists' observations and knowledge of organisms

Question 36

What does the modern system rely on?

Answer 36

Biologists' observations and molecular clocks

Question 37

What is a prokaryote?

Answer 37

An organism without a nucleus

Question 38

What is a eukaryote?

Answer 38

An organism with a nucleus

Question 39

Do prokaryotes have membrane-bound organelles?

Answer 39

No, they do not have double membrane-bound organelles (e.g., no mitochondria)

Question 40

Do eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles?

Answer 40

Yes, they have double membrane-bound organelles (e.g., mitochondria)

Question 41

Which kingdom includes all prokaryotes in the 5 Kingdom System?

Answer 41

Monera

Question 42

What are the six kingdoms in the 6 Kingdom System?

Answer 42

Plant, Animal, Protist, Fungi, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria

Question 43

How is Monera divided in the 6 Kingdom System?

Answer 43

Into Eubacteria and Archaebacteria

Question 44

What are Eubacteria?

Answer 44

Everyday bacteria

Question 45

What are Archaebacteria?

Answer 45

Bacteria that survive in extreme conditions

Question 46

What is parasitic nutrition?

Answer 46

Nutrition that depends on the host

Question 47

What is saprophytic nutrition?

Answer 47

Nutrition that feeds on dead organisms

Question 48

What is autotrophic nutrition?

Answer 48

Nutrition where the organism makes its own food

Question 49

What is heterotrophic nutrition?

Answer 49

Nutrition that depends on other living organisms

Question 50

Are all parasites heterotrophs?

Answer 50

Yes, all parasites are heterotrophs

Question 51

Are all heterotrophs parasites?

Answer 51

No, not all heterotrophs are parasites