Chapter 1 & 2

Question 1

Exergonic

Answer 1

Energy is released

Question 2

Endergonic

Answer 2

Energy must be supplied (input/absorbed)

Question 3

Catalysts

Answer 3

Reduce needed activation energy

Question 4

Enzymes

Answer 4

Biological catalysts

Question 5

What makes up enzymes

Answer 5

proteins

Question 6

Induced Fit Model

Answer 6

Enzymes bind around substrate changing shape

Question 7

Enzyme synthesis

Answer 7

active site orients substrate in correct position for reaction brings them closer togehter

Question 8

Enzyme digestion

Answer 8

puts stress on bonds that must be broken

Question 9

saturation point

Answer 9

all enzyme active sites are engaged

Question 10

Primary Structure

Answer 10

Unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide- not functional

Question 11

Secondary Structure

Answer 11

folding or coiling of the polypeptide- not functional

Question 12

Tertiary Structure

Answer 12

Overall 3-dimensional shape of polypeptide results from interactions between amino acids and r groups

Question 13

Quaternary Structure

Answer 13

two or more polypeptide subunits

Question 14

Cohesion

Answer 14

like molecules bonding

Question 15

High Specific Heat

Answer 15

amount of heat needs to be absorbed for 1 gram of that substance to change by 1’C

Question 16

Evaporative cooling

Answer 16

sweating- evaporation absorbs heat

Question 17

Hydrophobic

Answer 17

nonpolar (lipids)

Question 18

hydrophilic

Answer 18

polar or ionic (carbs)

Question 19

Denaturation

Answer 19

Loses 3d shape

Question 20

Changes in salinity

Answer 20

adds and removes cations and anions

Question 21

Competitive Inhibitor

Answer 21

Competes for active site- blocks substrate

Question 22

Non competitive inhibitor

Answer 22

bonds to allosteric site and changes enzyme shape

Question 23

Feedback Inhibition

Answer 23

the final product is an inhibitor of earlier step

Question 24

Procaryotic Cells

Answer 24

Simpler and smaller cells

Question 25

Procaryotic does not have

Answer 25

cell membrane and nucleus

Question 26

types of procaryotic cells

Answer 26

bacteria, archaebacteria

Question 27

Procaryotic Organelles

Answer 27

nucleoid, ribosomes, cell wall, capsule, membrane, flagella, cytoplasm

Question 28

Nucleus

Answer 28

contains nucleolus and DNA enclosed in double membrane nuclear pores allow substances in and out

Question 29

Nucleolus

Answer 29

produces ribosomes

Question 30

Ribosomes

Answer 30

carry out protein synthesis

Question 31

ribosomes building blocks

Answer 31

RNA and proteins

Question 32

where the ribosomes are

Answer 32

cytosol and rough er

Question 33

Smooth ER

Answer 33

synthesizes and transports lipids detoxifies drugs and poison

Question 34

ROUGH ER

Answer 34

folds and transports proteins

Question 35

golgi

Answer 35

basically protein amazon (receives, ships, sorts)

Question 36

Lysosomes

Answer 36

Digesterrrrs (contains enzymes some animals use for digestion)

Question 37

Vacuoles

Answer 37

Storage sometimes food vacuoles Contractile vacuoles: pump out excess water

Question 38

Mitochondria

Answer 38

generate ATP

Question 39

chloroplast

Answer 39

plannntttsss photosynthesis

Question 40

Peroxiding

Answer 40

enzymes convert hydrogen to water

Question 41

Cytoskeleton

Answer 41

therapistttt shapes and supports guides movements of organelles celebrates chromosomes in cell division

Question 42

Components of Cytoskeletons

Answer 42

3 fibers: microtubules (thiccccest) microfilaments (skinny queens) intermediate filaments

Question 43

Centrosomes and Centrioles

Answer 43

aids animal cell division

Question 44

Cilia

Answer 44

short hairs

Question 45

Flagella

Answer 45

long whip like hairs

Question 46

Cell Wall

Answer 46

only in plants maintains shape

Question 47

ECM

Answer 47

in animal cells glycoproteins make it up bind to receptor proteins in plasma membrane

Question 48

Amphipathic

Answer 48

Has both hydrophilic and phobic parts (phospholipids are these)

Question 49

Fluid Mosaic Model

Answer 49

makes up the membrane and allows for movement

Question 50

What passes through membrane

Answer 50

small nonpolar

Question 51

membrane carbohydrates

Answer 51

identifies cells and what can enter

Question 52

turgid

Answer 52

full

Question 53

plasmolysis

Answer 53

plant cells wilting

Question 54

Aquaporins

Answer 54

allow water to flow rapidly in and out of cells (is a protein)