Chapter 1&2: 1.27.15 Lecture

Question 0

What is periodontology?

Answer 0

The clinical science that deals with the Periodontium in health and disease; that branch of dentistry concerned with the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the supporting structures of the teeth.

Question 1

Why is it important to study the anatomy of periodontium?

Answer 1

1. To understand normal function.
2. To understand the disease process.
3. To understand how to prevent disease.

Question 2

What is periodontics?

Answer 2

The aspect of clinical dentistry involved in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the Periodontium.

Question 3

What is periodontal disease?

Answer 3

Any abnormality or pathological state involving the gingival or supporting tissues of the teeth.

Question 4

Which periodontal disease deals with inflammation?

Answer 4

Gingivitis

Question 5

Which periodontal disease deals with degeneration (bone loss)?

Answer 5

Periodontitis

Question 6

When the junctional epithelium begins to migrate this action is called?

Answer 6

Degeneration = bone loss = periodontitis

Question 7

Which structure of the Periodontium provides a seal around the neck of the tooth and holds the tissue against the tooth during mastication?

Answer 7

Gingiva

Question 8

Which structure of the Periodontium suspends and maintains the tooth in its socket?

Answer 8

PDL (periodontal ligament)

Question 9

Which structure of the Periodontium anchors the perio ligament fibers to the tooth and protects the dentin?

Answer 9

Cementum

Question 10

Which structure of the Periodontium surrounds and supports the roots of the tooth.

Answer 10

Alveolar bone

Question 11

What are the 4 anatomical areas of gingiva?

Answer 11

1. Free Gingiva
2. Attached Gingiva
3. Interdental (papillary) Gingiva
4. Gingival Sulcus

Question 12

What is the coronal boundary of the gingiva?

Answer 12

Gingival Margin

Question 13

What is the apical boundary of the gingiva?

Answer 13

Mucogingival junction

Question 14

What demarcation separates the free and attached gingiva?

Answer 14

Free Gingival Groove

Question 15

What demarcation is pink attached gingiva and meets the read, shiny alveolar mucosa?

Answer 15

Mucogingival Junction

Question 16

What is free gingiva, attached gingiva, and interdental gingiva composed of?

Answer 16

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

Question 17

What is free gingiva?

Answer 17

The unattached portion of the gingiva that surrounds the tooth in the region of the CEJ.

Question 18

What part of the gingiva forms the soft tissue wall of the gingival sulcus?

Answer 18

Free gingiva

Question 19

Define gingival margin.

Answer 19

The free gingiva that meets the tooth in a thin rounded edge (knife-like) that follows the contours of the teeth.

Question 20

What demarcation is about .5-1.5mm from the margin and at the level of the bottom of the sulcus in health?

Answer 20

free gingival groove

Question 21

What is the attached gingiva?

Answer 21

The part of the gingiva that is connected to the cementum on the cervical 1/3 of the root and to the periosteum of alveolar bone.

Question 22

Where is the attached gingiva located?

Answer 22

Between the free gingiva and alveolar mucosa.

Question 23

Where is the attached gingiva the widest?

Answer 23

Incisor and Molar Regions.

Question 24

Where is the attached gingiva the narrowest?

Answer 24

Premolar regions

Question 25

In health what percentage of the population has a stippled (orange peel) appearance to their attached gingiva?

Answer 25

40%

Question 26

What causes the stippled look in attached gingiva?

Answer 26

Connective tissue fibers that attach the gingival tissue to the cementum and bone.

Question 27

What is the function of attached gingiva?

Answer 27

Allows the tissue to withstand mechanical forces, speaking, toothbrushing. Prevents the free gingiva from being pulled away from the tooth when tension is applied.

Question 28

The faint depression in the attached gingiva running vertically between the teeth, and represents evidence of the eminences of the roots of the teeth.

Answer 28

Interdental groove/fold

Question 29

What is the interdental gingiva?

Answer 29

Papillary gingiva = area between two adjacent teeth apical to the contact area.

Question 30

What portion of the interdental gingiva is not keratinized?

Answer 30

the col

Question 31

How are the lateral borders and the tip of the interdental gingiva formed?

Answer 31

Free gingiva from adjacent teeth.

Question 32

How is the center of interdental gingiva formed?

Answer 32

Attached gingiva

Question 33

When is the col not present?

Answer 33

1. No adjacent tooth | 2. Tissues are receded

Question 34

What is the function of interdental gingiva?

Answer 34

Prevents food from becoming impacted during mastication.

Question 35

What is the gingival sulcus?

Answer 35

The space between the free gingiva and the tooth surface.

Question 36

What is the gingival sulcus composed of?

Answer 36

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Question 37

How is the base of the sulcus formed?

Answer 37

Junctional epithelium (specialized)

Question 38

Describe the shape of the gingival sulcus for anterior and posterior teeth.

Answer 38

Anterior: pointed, pyramid shaped Posterior: flatter because of wider teeth, contacts, and flatter interdental bone

Question 39

What is histology?

Answer 39

A branch of anatomy concerned with the study of the microscopic structure of tissues.

Question 40

What is the smallest structural unit of living matter capable of functioning independently?

Answer 40

cells

Question 41

What is an extracellular matrix?

Answer 41

A mesh-like material that surrounds the cells.

Question 42

What is the extracellular matrix composed of?

Answer 42

Grounds Substance & Fibers

Question 43

What is the function of the extracellular matrix?

Answer 43

It holds cells and tissues together and provides a medium for cells to migrate and interact with one another.

Question 44

Which tissue (connective or epithelial) contains more of an extracellular matrix?

Answer 44

Connective Tissue

Question 45

What is ground substance?

Answer 45

Gel-like material that fills the space between cells.

Question 46

What are fibers?

Answer 46

Consist of collagen, elastin, and reticular fibers.

Question 47

Where is the basal lamina found?

Answer 47

Epithelial tissue

Question 48

What does the basal lamina (basement membrane) separate?

Answer 48

Epithelial sheets and the connective tissue.

Question 49

This tissue makes up the outer surface of the body and lines the body cavities such as the mouth, stomach, and intestines.

Answer 49

Epithelial tissue

Question 50

What is the skin and mucosa of the oral cavity composed of?

Answer 50

Stratified squamous epithelium with cells arranged in several layers.

Question 51

This type of epithelium has no nuclei, and form a tough, resistant layer on the surface of the skin (palms and soles of the feet). It can be found in attached gingiva, marginal gingiva, interdental papilla, and gingival crest.

Answer 51

Keratinized

Question 52

This type of epithelium has nuclei and act as a cushion against mechanical stresses. The cells are softer and more flexible. This type of epithelium can be found in the junctional epithelium, sulcular epithelium, col, alveolar mucosa.

Answer 52

Non-keratinized

Question 53

Which type of epithelium is is more susceptible to disease via the penetration of antigens from bacterial plaque?

Answer 53

Non-keratinized

Question 54

True or False; epithelium contains blood vessels.

Answer 54

False; epithelium is nourished by the underlying connective tissue.

Question 55

What are the four layers of keratinized gingival epithelium?

Answer 55

Stratum basal Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum cornium

Question 56

Which layer of keratinized gingival epithelium contains hemidesmosomes found in the basal lamina?

Answer 56

stratum basal

Question 57

Which layer of keratinized gingival epithelium is the deepest layer and is composed of columnar or cuboidal shaped cells?

Answer 57

Stratum basal

Question 58

Which layer of keratinized gingival epithelium is adjacent to the basal cell layer and is composed of polygonal shaped cells?

Answer 58

Stratum spinosum

Question 59

Which layer of keratinized gingival epithelium is adjacent to the spinous layer and composed of flattened cells containing keratohyaline granules.

Answer 59

Stratum granulosum

Question 60

Which layer is most superficial and contains cells that are flatter than those of the granular layer and have no nuclei or other organelles?

Answer 60

Stratum cornium

Question 61

What two gingival epithelium layers are not found in sulcular or junctional epithelium because they are non-keratinized?

Answer 61

Stratum granulosum and cornium

Question 62

What is the order of layers in non-keratinized tissue? (deepest to superficial)

Answer 62

Stratum Basal Stratum Spinosum Stratum Intermedium Stratum Superficial

Question 63

What is the turnover rate of oral epithelium?

Answer 63

10 to 12 days

Question 64

What is the turnover rate of junctional epithelium?

Answer 64

1 to 6 days

Question 65

What is the basal lamina (basement membrane)?

Answer 65

Semi-permeable membrane that lies below the basal cell layer and connects the epithelium to the connective tissue composed of two layers.

Question 66

What is the lamina densa?

Answer 66

Layer closest to the connective tissue and which contains filaments and granules (dense layer)

Question 67

What is the lamina lucida?

Answer 67

Clear or lucid layer closest to the epithelium.

Question 68

What are rete pegs?

Answer 68

Deep extensions of epithelium that reach down into the connective tissue.

Question 69

What is another name for rete pegs?

Answer 69

Epithelial ridges

Question 70

What two layers compose connective tissue?

Answer 70

1. Papillary Layer | 2. Reticular Layer

Question 71

What are two other names for connective tissue?

Answer 71

1. lamina propria | 2. corium

Question 72

Which layer of connective tissue is adjacent to epithelium; contains collagen fibers that are thin and loosely arranged.

Answer 72

Papillary Layer

Question 73

Which layer of connective tissue is adjacent to bone or mucosa; contains collagen fibers that are arranged in thick dense bundles?

Answer 73

Reticular layer

Question 74

What structures do not have a submucosa but attach directly to the periosteum of the underlying bone?

Answer 74

Gingival margins and palatine raphe of the hard palate.