Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards
1
Q
Strontium
A
Sr2+
2
Q
Hydride
A
H-
3
Q
Fluoride
A
F-
4
Q
Chloride
A
Cl-
5
Q
Bromide
A
Br-
6
Q
Iodide
A
I-
7
Q
Oxide
A
O2-
8
Q
Sulfide
A
S2-
9
Q
Nitride
A
N3-
10
Q
Phosphide
A
P3-
11
Q
Iron (II)
A
Fe2+
12
Q
Iron (III)
A
Fe3+
13
Q
Copper (I)
A
Cu+
14
Q
Copper (II)
A
Cu2+
15
Q
Cobalt (II)
A
Co2+
16
Q
Cobalt (III)
A
Co3+
17
Q
Tin (II)
A
Sn2+
18
Q
Tin (IV)
A
Sn4+
19
Q
Ammonium
A
NH4+
20
Q
Hydroxide
A
OH-
21
Q
Thiocyanate
A
SCN-
22
Q
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
A
Elements are made up of atoms
All atoms of an element are identical
Compounds are more than one element, always present in the same ratio
Chemical reaction only rearranged
23
Q
Dalton’s Atomic Theory - Law of multiple proportions
A
Molecules can exist with different amounts of the same elements
24
Q
Dalton’s Atomic Theory shortcomings
A
No mention of structure/composition of atoms
No mention of isotopes
Einstein showed that mass and energy are interchangeable E=mc2
25
Who discovered the electron?
J.J. Thompson
26
How did J.J. Thompson discover the electron?
Through a cathode ray tube
27
Who discovered the mass and charge of the electron?
R.A. Millikan
28
How did R.A. Millikan discover the charge and mass of electrons?
Oil drop experiment
29
Who discovered X-rays?
Roentgen
30
How did Roentgen discover X-rays?
A cathode ray tube covered with black cardboard caused glass & metals to omit strange rays that couldn’t be detected by a magnet
Rays caused fluorescent paper to glow and darken covered photographic plates
These rays are called X-rays
31
Who discovered radioactivity?
Becquerel
32
How did Becquerel discover radioactivity?
Uranium mineral wrapped in a cloth on top of a photographic plate darkened the plate
33
Who discovered 3 types of radiation?
Rutherford
34
How did Rutherford discover 3 types of radiation?
Radioactive substance shot through 2 magnets, exposing the 3 rays by their how heavy they were and their charge
35
How did Rutherford discover the nucleus?
Alpha particles are sprayed against a lead sheet with a hole, which shoots a beam at a gold foil
Proved an existing but small nucleus
36
Who discovered the neutron?
Chadwick
37
How did Chadwick discover the neutron?
H has 1p, and He has 2, but He is 4x heavier
He bombarded a thin sheet of beryllium with alpha particles and a high energy radiation was emitted
38
What are hydrogen’s 3 isotopes?
Protium, deuterium, and tritium
39
Left side of the periodic table are…
Metals
good conductors of heat and electricity
malleable
ductile
40
Right side of the periodic table are…
Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Brittle in solid form
Mostly in liquid form
41
What is a molecule?
Any group of two or more atoms held in a definite arrangement by chemical bonds
42
What are the 7 elements that are found as pairs?
H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
43
What is a molecular formula?
Formula shows the exact number of each element in a molecule
44
What is an empirical formula?
Simplest chemical formula
Simplest ratio
45
What is an allotrope?
Distinct forms of an element
O2 vs O3
46
What are binary compounds?
Two elements
47
What are ternary compounds?
3 elements
48
An “ate” anion has one more…
Oxygen that an “ite” ion, but has the same charge
49
Because H has a 1+ charge, when it gets added to the front of a formula…
The charge is less negative by 1
50
Evidence of chemical change
Gas, odor, formation of precipitate, and temperature change
51
Describe ionic bonds
Metal & nonmetal
Exothermic reaction
Octet rule, metals give e-‘s, nonmetals gain e-‘s
52
Describe covalent bonds
Sharing electrons
Octet rule
Ex: H and H want 2 e-‘s in their shell, so they share their e-‘s
53
Describe J.J Thompson’s experiment
Electrodes we’re placed in a cathrode ray tube where all the air was evacuated
Magnets shows the ray deflecting from the negative side, showing that the particles were negative (electrons)
Figured out charge to mass RATIO
54
Describe R.A Milikans experiment
Placed oil droplets in a glass chamber between 2 electrodes
Could measure the charge
Found the mass and charge
55
What is the molecular formula of methylamine?
CH3NH2
56
What is the molecular formula of ethanol?
C2H6O
57
What is the molecular formula of dimethyl ether?
C2H6O
