Chapter 1 + 2

Question 1

Narratives

Answer 1

A person’s story in their own words. To fully understand a situation, we need to hear the experience from the source. Although, someones view is never infallable.

Question 2

Social Location

Answer 2

You’re perspective/lense through which you see the world is influenced by factors such as your age, race, ethnicity, gender, sexuality, class, ability, etc

Question 3

List examples of social institutions

Answer 3

-Education
-Religion
-The Family

Question 4

Social Imagination

Answer 4

“The ability to shift from one perspective to another-from the political to the psycological.” -Wright Mills

Question 5

Social World

Answer 5

Social practices, attitudes, and institutions that surround us

Question 6

Confucius

Answer 6

Chinese philosopher who believed that leaders should encourage morality by modeling moral behavior instead of overusing laws to enforce it.

Question 7

Ibn Khaldun

Answer 7

Arab scholar who was most likely to carry out a systematic study of sociological subjects.

Question 8

Bureaucracy

Answer 8

Hierarchical structure in a government or corporation. There is a division of labour. It began to take a major hold during the industrial revolution.

Question 9

Max Weber

Answer 9

-Describes the four qualities of bureauracy
-Ideas effect material circumstances
-protestant ethic(protestantism-modern capitalism)

Question 10

Marx and Alienation

Answer 10

1. Alienation from the product
2. Alienation from the act of production
3. Alienation from your “species being”

Question 11

Frederick W. Taylor

Answer 11

-Used sociology to produce a profitable way to organize a business
-introduced the idea of scientific management
-time and motion studies
-single set of repetitive actions

Question 12

Scientific Management

Answer 12

The observation of employees to increase efficiency

Question 13

Taylorism

Answer 13

-Deprives workers of control in the workplace
-assembly line efficiency

Question 14

What is the effect of taylorism on the worker?

Answer 14

-Adds a competitive atmosphere(pits workers against each other)
-Resentment of the workers against the company
-Loss of ambition
-Inaccessibility
-Workers are payed less than the value of the product

Question 15

McDonaldization

Answer 15

-Coined by George Ritzer
-Everything has to be predictable and cheap
-the workers are treated as machines
-Ej. Universities, clothing chains, justice system, military, church

Question 16

6 pillars of bureaucracy

Answer 16

1. Efficiency
2. Quantification
3. Predictability
4. Control
5. Division of labour
6. Promotes equality

Question 17

Gig Economy

Answer 17

-Receiving products quickly and cheaply
- Ej. Uber, doordash, skip the dishes
-Low wages
-Flexible hours
-No benefits or job security
-usually works out to be below minimum wage

Question 18

Sociology rose in response to:

Answer 18

-industrialization
-urbanization
-Population increase

Question 19

Sociology by approach

Question 20

Structural functionalism

Question 21

Conflict theory

Question 22

Symbolic interaction

Question 23

Postmodern theory

Question 24

Macrosociology

Answer 24

Big picture and its institutions
-structural functionalism
-conflict theory
-feminist theory
-postmodern theory

Question 25

Microsociology

Answer 25

The plans, motives, actions of individuals and small groups -symbolic interactionalism

Question 26

Protestant ethic

Answer 26

The idea that modern capitalism arose out of protestantism due to the beliefs of the protestants. The protestants believed in not spending money on frivolous things, work hard, if you have money you are chosen by god. The criticism is that capitalism is present where protestantism is not.

Question 27

The iron cage of rationality

Answer 27

Too much rationality leads to the loss of soul and humanity. People become numbers

Question 28

Social fact

Answer 28

Emile Durkheim -Patterned ways of acting, thinking, and feeling that exert social control over people -How do my experiences relate to social facts?