Chapter 1, 2

Question 1

Two principal quantities in circuits?

Answer 1

Current
Voltage

Question 2

Objective of circuit analysis?

Answer 2

Determine unknown currents and voltages

Question 3

Source

Answer 3

Provides energy

Question 4

Load

Answer 4

Consumes energy for some purpose

Question 5

Ideal wire

Answer 5

Conducts electric charge without any loss of potential

Good approximation: for many applications

Poor approximation: long-distance transmission lines, microscopic ICs

Question 6

Every point on a node has same electric potential.

True or False

Answer 6

TRUE

Question 7

Branch

Answer 7

Single electrical pathway

Consists of wires and elements

Elements of a branch said to be in series

Question 8

Loop

Answer 8

Any closed pathway, both physical and conceptual

Question 9

Mesh

Answer 9

Closed electrical pathway not containing other closed physical pathways

Question 10

Branch (describe the structure)

Answer 10

Any circuit with two terminals

Question 11

Node

Answer 11

Junction of two or more branches

Question 12

Electric current

Answer 12

Rate at which charge passes through a predetermined area

Unit is ampere (A)

Question 13

What does the arrow symbol indicate?

Answer 13

The assumed direction of the current

Current represented by i (italicized)

Question 14

What electrical path is required for nonzero current?

Answer 14

Closed electrical path

Question 15

What is the fundamental electric quantity?

Answer 15

Charge

Question 16

What is the charge of an electron?

Answer 16

q(e) = -1.602 x 10^-19 Coulomb

Unit: C

Question 17

What is an electric current?

Answer 17

Time rate or change of charge

Question 18

Electric current
i (italicized)
formula?

Answer 18

dq/dt
AKA
C/S

Question 19

1 Ampere (A) = ?

Answer 19

1 (C/S)

Question 20

The charge (Q or q) transported by a constant current of one ampere in one second.

Provide the formula

Answer 20

1C = 1A (italicized) times 1s

Question 21

What must be the net sum of currents crossing any closed boundary (node or supernode)?

Also provide the equation

Answer 21

It must equal zero.

Sum of C(n) = 0
C - L(sub1) - L(sub2) - L(sub3) = 0
C = L(sub1) + L(sub2) + L(sub3)

Question 22

Kirchoff’s Current Law (KCL)

Answer 22

Sum of the currents at a node must equal zero.

Aka inputs = outputs

Question 23

Voltage:

Usage?
Units?
Also called?

Answer 23

Work or energy required for the charge to move between two points in a circuit.

Unit is volts (V)

Also called Potential Difference

Question 24

What does the voltage direction indicate?

What is voltage direction also known as?

Answer 24

Direction indicated whether energy is gained or lost by the charge.

Direction is also known as polarity.

Question 25

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

Answer 25

Net change in electrical potential around a CLOSED loop is ZERO

Question 26

Symbol for earth ground

Answer 26

o | —- — -

Question 27

Symbol for ground

Answer 27

———— ——— —

Question 28

Ideal voltage source

Answer 28

An electrical device that will generate a prescribed voltage at its terminals independent of the current

Question 29

How is the current determined in an ideal voltage source?

Answer 29

Determined by the circuit connected to the voltage source

Question 30

Ideal current sources

Answer 30

Generated current independent of the voltage across its terminals

Question 31

How is the voltage determined in an ideal current source?

Answer 31

Amount of voltage determined by the circuit

Question 32

Dependent (controlled) sources

Answer 32

Output depends on some other voltage or current within the circuit

Question 33

Resistance Name the outcome and unit.

Answer 33

Resistance leads to energy dissipation in the form of heat. Can be desired or undesired. Unit: ohms (omega)

Question 34

Ohms Law Provide the empirical relationship and application limitations.

Answer 34

V (italics) = i(italics) • R Linear relationship does not apply over large ranges of voltage or current

Question 35

Symbol for resistance

Answer 35

—^__^——/\____/\— The spiky squiggle.

Question 36

Conductance is the inverse of resistance. true or false?

Answer 36

TRUE

Question 37

Formula for conductance

Answer 37

G = 1/R

Question 38

Max power dissipation list formulas

Answer 38

P = VI = I^2R = V^2/R

Question 39

Short circuit

Answer 39

Circuit element with resistance approaches 0

Question 40

Open circuit

Answer 40

Circuit element whose resistance approaches infinity

Question 41

Series resistors

Answer 41

Two or more circuit elements are said to be in series if the same current flows through each element

Question 42

Polarized Capacitators

Answer 42

Capacitors whose anode is made of a particular metal on which an insulating oxide layer forms by anodization, acting as the dielectric of the electrolytic capacitor.