Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards

Question

Indentured Servants

Answer 1

Indentured servants were men and women who signed a contract (also known as an indenture or covenant) by which they agreed to work for a certain number of years in exchange for transportation to Virginia and once they arrived, food, clothing, and shelter (took place in the colony of virginia)

Answer 2

A form of slavery where slaves were considered property of their owners.

Answer 3

Explorers and conquerors from Spain who sought to obtain new land, gold, power, and spreading the word of God

Answer 4

A spanish system that where the king granted land to Spaniards. The Spaniards would then have the power to order tribute from native tribes and control the local tribes who would work for them in exchange for protection

Answer 5

A permit given by Spain to individuals or companies allowing them to sell slaves to spanish colonies. This required a tax on each slave owned. The contractors (the people granted with the permit to sell slaves) had to pay a percentage of the fee of slave purcahses. Spanish Crown also deployed taxes on slaves. Used this instead of the encomineda system because diseases wiped most of the indigenous people

Answer 6

A system that divides people into different ranks based on race or ethnicity Europeans Mesitzos: mixed euro and indi Indig and African slaves

Answer 7

A joint stock company that was chartered by King James I with the purpose of establishing settlements in the east coast. The first settlement they would establish would be a Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. Tasked with creating settlements and to Christianize the regions.

Answer 8

The group of indigenous tribes that lived in the virginia regions.

Answer 9

Tension between the settlers and Powhatan tribes Jamestown wanted to acquire land. bc they saw it as valuable resources The natives saw the land as a source of spiritual and cultural significance. They also traded with each other. The English learned how to grow corn. The natives got fire arms

Answer 10

The native Americans tried to defend their interests by negotiating treaties and other agreements with the Europeans. These often times didn't work bc the Europeans looked down on the natives. The natives also resisted through military action eventually they all lost though some temporarily won.

Answer 11

An advocate for better treatment of the natives. he spoke out for the natives and argued that they were entitled to the same rights as europeans

Answer 12

Bartolome persuaded the Spanish king to put this law. this ended indigenous slavery, and ended the encomineda system. however this wasnt always implemented

Answer 13

Established along the Atlantic coast Focused on developing tobacco through slaves Plantations in the Caribbean

Answer 14

Were driven by gold, God, and glory controlled florida and parts of Latin america

Answer 15

Took Canada

Answer 16

A business organization where groups of people would come together to combine and own a share of a company. this allowed for the funding of expeditions as they were able to invest without the fear of bankruptcy Allowed for businesses to finance expansions, development, and large ventures through selling shares of stock to investors. Reduced the risk involved in investing money into expeditions as they were only responsible for the amount of money they invested

Answer 17

Allowed them to collect taxes govern colonies, appoint officials, establish court and law, regulate trade and commerce

Answer 18

made up of 30 tribes led by powerful chief powhatan they cultivated crops such as corn and most importantly TOBACCO

Answer 19

The first representative legislature in america Determined how Virginia would be governed by having a meeting with all the members

Answer 20

An English settlement Founded by puritans seeking to establish a pure church guided by John Winthrop

Answer 21

Pilgrims were separatists who rejected the church of England and wanted to separate from church of england THey sailed to massachusetts on the may flower in 1620. Plymouth colony Puritans were non seperatists who wanted to purify the e England restore early christian societies. They thought the church was too similar to the Roman church.

Answer 22

Founded by Pilgrims

Answer 23

Present day new York Founded by dutch explorer Hendry Hudson in 1623

Answer 24

early British colonies like maryland and virginia The bay's extensive network of waterways made transport of goods and people easier The land was fertile and had a favorable climate for tabacco a cash crop/ This led to indentured servants and later chatel slavery. The bay rich in resources such as fish, oysters, and crabs.

Answer 25

Large scale agricultural areas that cultivated cash crops. mostly in Latin america Dependent on the labor of enslaved africans

Answer 26

he Act of Toleration (1649) was passed in Maryland. It granted religious freedom to Christians living in Maryland but death penalty for anyone denying Jesus' divinity.

Answer 27

The ocean served as a highway that connected Europe Africa and the Americas. This was the route used for the Atlantic slave trade

Answer 28

The idea that colonies are seen as an economic extensions of the mother country, existing to serve the motherland's interests. The fundamental idea was that the colonies should supply the mother country with raw materials and natural resources that were either scarce or unavailable in Europe. These resources would then be used to produce finished goods, which the colonies were expected to purchase, ensuring that wealth and economic benefits flowed back to the motherland.

Answer 29

Laws that forbid colonial trade with other countries. This aimed to ensure that England got most of the benefits from the colonies

Answer 30

This was an unofficial British policy in the colonies that allowed them to violate the Navigation Laws and to have autonomy as long as they remained loyal to Britain and profitable. bc British was distracted with its own affairs like war.

Answer 31

French & Indians vs British was a smaller context in a larger context of the 7 year war. Caused by the encroachment of land from the british onto the ohio river. Teritorial disputes in the river regions between french and british

Answer 32

Natives would give Europeans beaver fur for knives and metal tools which allowed tribes to be heavily armed

Answer 33

Smallpox, influenza, typhus

Answer 34

The first Thanksgiving celebration was held to celebrate the treaty between the pilgrims and the Wampanoag Indians in the 1600

Answer 35

A five nation alliance between powerful native tribes in the northern east part of North America. They had an organized government armed with European guns They allied themselves with the British to fight the french

Answer 36

A war between Huron and Iroquois over fur trade, beaver pelts, and hunting grounds Beaver trades were a lucrative source of income for natives

Answer 37

These places had legalized slavery in the 17th to 18th century but due to their small farms the demand was still higher in the south

Answer 38

Mostly all plantations the large scale plantation farms required a massive amount of slaves ALl the cash crops were labor intensive crops

Answer 39

A community made of runaway slaves who escaped from plantations and formed independent settlements in swamps Slaves would murder their owner, kill themselves or even run away.

Answer 40

A law that was passed in Barbados that made sure blackslaves were chattel (property). This law protected white slave owners and allowed them to kill black slaves without consequence

Answer 41

A rule in the British colony that allowed them to ignore navigation Laws as long as they remained faithful to Britain and made profits. However British was lax on enforcing rules onto the colonies which led them to a desire for self rule and independence

Answer 42

seizing man against their will and forcing them to serve in the NAVY

Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards

(67 cards)