Chapter 1+2

Question 1

What is cross-sectional research

Answer 1

Research done at one time about a specific group

Question 2

What is experimental research

Answer 2

Experiments done to find an explanation

Question 3

Longitudinal research

Answer 3

Done over a long period f time (years) to identify a trend

Question 4

Quantitate Research

Answer 4

All research put into numbers and tweaked from there

Question 5

Data

Answer 5

Scores on info expressed as numbers

Question 6

Variables and example

Answer 6

Traits that change values case by case

Ex: family size

Question 7

Cases and why its based on

Answer 7

Entities from which data is gathered

Usually based on people sometimes cities

Question 8

Find the data, variables, and cases

The average student debt is $26,500

Answer 8

Variable: amount if debt

Data: $26,5000

Case: recent university grads

Question 9

2 basic kinds of statistical techniques

Answer 9

Descriptive
Inferential

Question 10

Types of descriptive statistics

Answer 10

Univariate
Bivariate
Multivariate

Question 11

Univariate

Answer 11

1 variable
%, rates, averages, graphs

Question 12

Bivariate and example

Answer 12

2 variables

Measures of association, scatterplots

Ex: are unemployment and crime rates related

Question 13

Multivariate

Answer 13

More than 2 variables

Multiple regression, partial correlation

Question 14

Estimation

Answer 14

Using statistical information from a sample to estimate characteristics of a population

Question 15

Hypothesis testing

Answer 15

Using statistical information from a sample of test a hypothesis an out the population

Question 16

Observational phase circle

Answer 16

Question 17

Social research process

Answer 17

Question 18

Independent dependent variable chart

Answer 18

Question 19

Discrete variables

Answer 19

Variables in units that can’t be subdivided (# of people living in a house)

Question 20

Continuous variables

Answer 20

Variables in a unit that can be subdivided (income)

Question 21

3 level of measurement

Answer 21

Nominal
Ordinal
Interval-ratio

Question 22

Nominal variables must be

Answer 22

Homogenous (include similar cases as one)

Exhaustive (a catergory for everyone)

Mutually Exclusive

Question 23

Ordinal variables

Answer 23

Measuring opinions and attitudes

Ex: on a scale how good is your health
(no numbers)

Excellent
Good
Bad

Question 24

Interval-Ratio variables

Answer 24

Distance between scores is equal
Uses numbers

Ex: number of people in a household

Question 25

Frequency distribution

Answer 25

The distribution of a variables values by reporting the number of times each score of a variable occurred

Question 26

proportion

Answer 26

of cases in a response category divided by the # of cases in all categories

Question 27

rates

Answer 27

of actual occurrences divided by the # of possible occurrences

Question 28

frequency distribution

Answer 28

table that displays the number of cases in each response category of a variable

Question 29

stated limits

Answer 29

interval of a frequency distribution when stated as a discrete response category

Question 30

real limits

Answer 30

interval of a frequency distribution when stated a continuous response category

Question 31

Statistics

Answer 31

Mathematical techniques for organizing and analyzing data

Question 32

Theory

Answer 32

Generalized explanation of the relationship between two variables

Question 33

Descriptive statistics

Answer 33

Summarizes the distribution of a single variable or measuring the relationship between variables

Question 34

Data reduction

Answer 34

Summarizing scores with few statistics

Question 35

Response categories

Answer 35

A variables possible attributes, qualities, or characteristics