Chapter 1 & 2 Flashcards
Anatomy and Phys review (142 cards)
What is the primary function of the bony thorax?
a) To store calcium
b) To provide support for the spine
c) To cover and protect the major organs of the cardiopulmonary system
d) To facilitate digestion
Answer: c) To cover and protect the major organs of the cardiopulmonary system
Where is the heart located within the thoracic cavity?
a) In the lungs
b) In the mediastinum
c) In the ribcage
d) In the diaphragm
Answer: b) In the mediastinum
Which of the following is NOT a skeletal boundary of the thoracic cavity?
a) Thoracic vertebrae
b) Ribs
c) Sternum
d) Pelvis
Answer: d) Pelvis
What is the primary muscle responsible for ventilation during breathing?
a) Intercostal muscles
b) Diaphragm
c) Pectoralis major
d) Latissimus dorsi
Answer: b) Diaphragm
Which part of the thoracic cage is located ventrally (in front)?
a) Thoracic vertebrae
b) Ribs
c) Sternum
d) Diaphragm
Answer: c) Sternum
The shape of the thoracic cage is _____ at both its superior and inferior aspects.
Conical
What are the primary components of the skeletal boundaries of the thoracic cavity?
The thoracic vertebrae dorsally, the ribs laterally, and the sternum ventrally.
What are the three major parts of the sternum?
Answer: a) Manubrium, body, xiphoid process
What is located at the superior border of the manubrium?
Answer: b) Jugular notch
What does the sternal angle (angle of Louis) mark the level of?
Answer: a) Bifurcation of the trachea into the main stem bronchi
What is Pectus excavatum?
Which of the following is a potential complication of Pectus excavatum?
What is the purpose of a median sternotomy?
Answer: b) A congenital deformity of the chest with a sunken sternum and ribs
Answer: b) Cardiac and pulmonary complications
Answer: b) To provide access to the thoracic cavity for surgery
What action of the sternum is involved in the mechanics of inspiration?
a) Pump-handle action of the sternal body
b) Expansion of the ribcage
c) Rotation of the clavicle
d) Lifting of the xiphoid process
Answer: a) Pump-handle action of the sternal body
What is the clinical significance of the sternal angle (angle of Louis)?
Answer: The sternal angle marks the level of bifurcation of the trachea into the right and left main stem bronchi and is an important landmark for assessing respiratory function.
The sternal angle (angle of Louis) is level with the second costal cartilage anteriorly and thoracic vertebrae _______ and _______ posteriorly.
Answer: T4 and T5
Which ribs are classified as “true ribs”?
Answer: b) The first seven ribs
The first rib has a single facet for articulation with the body of the first thoracic vertebra.
True or False
True
Where do the false ribs (ribs 8-10) attach?
Answer: b) To the rib above by their costal cartilages.
Rib fractures are most commonly caused by direct trauma to the sternal end of the ribs.
True or False
False - caused by trauma to the area just anterior to the rib’s angle
The costal groove houses the …….. and runs along the …..
intercostal vessels and nerves and runs along the inferior border of the rib.
Why is the first rib less likely to fracture compared to other ribs?
What injury can occur if the first rib fractures?
Answer: The first rib is protected by the clavicle, making it less vulnerable to fractures.
Answer: Injury to the brachial plexus of nerves and subclavian vessels can occur with a fractured first rib.
The _____ rib sometimes is shorter than the first rib
12th
What is the role of accessory muscles in inspiration?
Accessory muscles assist with forced inspiration, typically during exercise or when there is cardiopulmonary distress, by increasing the volume of the thoracic cavity beyond what the diaphragm and internal intercostals can achieve alone.
What happens to intrathoracic pressure during inspiration and how does it affect airflow?
During inspiration, the volume of the thoracic cavity increases, causing a decrease in intrathoracic pressure below atmospheric pressure. This pressure difference forces air into the lungs to normalize the pressure.
Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for active inspiration at rest?
Diaphragm