Chapter 1 2 3

Question 1

What is Psychology?

Answer 1

The study of the mind or soul and human behavior/ experience

Question 2

What are the three major Philosophical issues in Psy?

Answer 2

free will vs determinism
Mind brain problem
Nature vs Nurture

Question 3

What is free will vs determinism?

Answer 3

Free will: That behavior is caused by a person independent decision.
Determinism:The idea that every event has a cause or determinant or actions are a reaction to the environment

Question 4

What is the Mind Brain Problem?

Answer 4

Mental activity and brain activity are inseparable

Question 5

What are the two terms that are connected to Mind Brain Problem?

Answer 5

Monism and dualism

Question 6

What is Dualism?

Answer 6

Holds the mind separate from the brain but somehow controls the brain and therefore the rest of the body.

Question 7

What is Monism?

Answer 7

The view that conscious experience is inseparable from the physical brain and the mind is the body/brain

Question 8

What is nature vs Nurture?

Answer 8

Behavioral differences relate to differences in both heredity and environment.

Question 9

What is Nature?

Answer 9

Explained by biology and genetics/hereditary

Question 10

What is Nurture?

Answer 10

Explained by the environment

Question 11

What is a clinical psychologist?

Answer 11

Have advanced degrees like PhD and helping people with psychological problems

Question 12

What is a Psychiatrist?

Answer 12

have an MD degree and four years of residency, deal with emotional disturbances, and can prescribe drugs.

Question 13

What is a research psychologist?

Answer 13

Cognitive, Biological, Evolutionary, Social, and Cross Culture Psychology

Question 14

What is an independent variable?

Answer 14

Controlled (manipulated) by the researcher because the researcher
believes it will impact the DV

Question 15

What is a dependent variable?*

Answer 15

• Impacted by the IV
• Measurable outcome

Question 16

What is an experiment?

Answer 16

Experiments require observations
○ Physical evidence, systematically recorded
Experiments can tell you the causation

Question 17

What is a Hypothesis?

Answer 17

Prediction about the relationship between variables and must be done before analyzing data
Good observations and measurements often suggest a pattern, which is a clear predictive statement, often an attempt to explain the observations.

Question 18

What is Correlations?

Answer 18

Correlations can only tell you if there is a relationship
* Additional exploration is always needed to determine if there is a
cause and effect relationship

Question 19

True or False: Correlation does not equal causation

Answer 19

True

Question 20

What is the principle of parsimony?

Answer 20

We stick with ideas that work and try as hard as we can to avoid new assumptions, - All else being equal, scientists prefer the theory that relies on simpler assumptions, or assumptions consistent with other theories that are already accepted.

Question 21

What is a Placebo effect?

Answer 21

It is a substance with no known pharmacological effects.

Question 22

Which of these comes first in a research study?

Answer 22

Hypothesis

Question 23

When Clever Hans appeared to do math, what was he responding to?

Answer 23

Facil expressions

Question 24

What is an anecdote?

Answer 24

a report of a single event

Question 25

An experiment is the only way to determine which of the following?

Answer 25

cause and effect relationship

Question 26

What is a theory?

Answer 26

Its not a guess but an explanation or model that fits many observation and makes accurate predictions.

Question 27

What is the testing psychological phenomenon?

Answer 27

Hypothesis, Method,Replication,Interpretation

Question 28

What is Causality/causation?

Answer 28

Causation, or cause and effect, is used in experimental research to determine whether or not changes in one variable lead to changes in another.

Question 29

What is a neuron?

Answer 29

Cells that communicate messages to other cells and communication occurs via neurotransmitters and neurotransmitters have specific functions / Neurons - The brain consists of an enormous number of separate cells

Question 30

What are the three parts a neuron consists of?

Answer 30

A cell body, dendrites, and an axon.

Question 31

What is a neurotransmitter?

Answer 31

When an action potential reaches the terminal bouton, it releases a neurotransmitter, a chemical that activates receptors on other neurons

Question 32

What is dopamine?

Answer 32

The mood and feelings of pleasure, also addiction,movement and motivation.People repeat behaviors that lead to dopamine release

Question 33

What is Serotonin?

Answer 33

A mood contributes to well-being and happiness. Helps sleep cycle and disgective system requlation.Affected by exercise and light exposure

Question 33

What are stimulants?

Answer 33

drugs that increase energy, alertness, and activity

Question 34

Two terms that are part of the nervous system?

Answer 34

Central and Peripheral nervous system

Question 35

What does the central nervous system consist of?

Answer 35

Brain & Spinal Cord ● Concentration of neurons whose primary job is to process information and send messages to the rest of the body

Question 36

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of?

Answer 36

Nerve cells in the skin, muscles and other organs ● Includes Autonomic Nervous System and somatic and sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 37

What response is the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 37

A stress response as it revs you up, prepares you to flight, take flight, or freeze

Question 38

What response is the parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 38

A relaxation response calms you down, preparing you to rest, think and restore

Question 39

What is part of the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 39

The somatic and autonomic and sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 40

What is the difference between somatic and autonomic?

Answer 40

Somatic: Voluntary movement of skeletal muscle Autonomic: is part of the para-sympathetic, that are involuntary movement of smooth muscles and glands of organs

Question 41

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

Answer 41

the heart and other organs

Question 42

The central nervous system consists of what cells?

Answer 42

neurons and glia

Question 43

What is the synapse?

Answer 43

The places where neurons connect and communicate with each other

Question 44

What effects occur when consuming marijuana?

Answer 44

Biological: Slow synaptic firing Behavioral: moderate pain reduction, cognitive effect

Question 45

What effects occur when consuming depressants?

Answer 45

Biological:inhibits (stops) synapses from firing behavioral:Decrease arousal, decrease activity (suppresses biological functions)

Question 46

What effects occur when consuming narcotics?

Answer 46

Biological: Increase endorphins Behavioral: pain reduction, euphoria

Question 47

What effects occur when consuming hallucinogens?

Answer 47

Biological: increases serotonin Behavioral: induces sensory distortions

Question 48

What is the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 48

Controls bodily functions that are “automatic” ○ Includes sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system ■ Both target similar organs but have different functions