Chapter 1 & 2 Review

Question 1

1. In what year were x-rays discovered?
   A. 1892
   B. 1895
   C. 1898
   D. 1901

Answer 1

B. 1895

Question 2

2. In what year were some of the biologically damaging effects of x-rays discovered?
   A. 1892
   B. 1895
   C. 1898
   D. 1901

Answer 2

C. 1898

Question 3

3. X-rays were discovered in experiments dealing with electricity and ________________.
   A. ionization
   B. magnetism
   C. atomic structure
   D. vacuum tubes

Answer 3

D. vacuum tubes

Question 4

4. X-rays were discovered when they caused a barium platinocyanide-coated plate to ________________.
   A. fluoresce
   B. phosphoresce
   C. vibrate
   D. burn and redden

Answer 4

A. fluoresce

Question 5

5. X-radiation is classified in which spectrum?
   A. Radiation
   B. Energy
   C. Atomic
   D. Electromagnetic

Answer 5

D. Electromagnetic

Question 6

6. X-rays have a dual nature, which means that they behave like both ________________.
   A. atoms and molecules
   B. photons and quanta
   C. waves and particles
   D. charged and uncharged particles

Answer 6

C. waves and particles

Question 7

7. The wavelength and frequency of x-rays are ________________ related.
   A. directly
   B. inversely
   C. partially
   D. not

Answer 7

B. inversely

Question 8

8. X-rays have ________________ electrical charge.
   A. a positive
   B. a negative
   C. an alternately positive and negative
   D. no

Answer 8

D. no

Question 9

9. X-rays have ________________.
   A. no mass
   B. the same mass as electrons
   C. the same mass as protons
   D. the same mass as neutrons

Answer 9

A. no mass

Question 10

10. The x-ray beam used in diagnostic radiography can be described as being ________________.
    A. homogeneous
    B. monoenergetic
    C. polyenergetic
    D. scattered

Answer 10

C. polyenergetic

Question 11

11. The unit that measures the transfer of radiation energy into tissues is known as the ________________.
    A. roentgen
    B. kerma
    C. gray
    D. sievert

Answer 11

C. gray

Question 12

12. What is defined as the measure of the intensity of radiation exposure?
    A. Absorbed dose
    B. Exposure
    C. Equivalent Dose
    D. Effective dose

Answer 12

B. Exposure

Question 13

13. What is the radiation weighting factor (Wr) for x- and gamma rays?
    A. 1
    B. 2
    C. 10
    D. 20

Answer 13

A. 1

Question 14

14. Which of the following will minimize radiation exposure to the patient?
    A. Beam restriction
    B. Gonadal shielding
    C. Avoid unnecessary duplicate exams
    D. All of the above

Answer 14

D. All of the above

Question 15

1. Which x-ray tube component serves as a source of electrons for x-ray production?
   A. Focusing cup
   B. Filament
   C. Stator
   D. Target

Answer 15

B. Filament

Question 16

2. Electrons interact with the ______ to produce x-rays and heat.
   A. Focusing cup
   B. Filament
   C. Stator
   D. Target

Answer 16

D. Target

Question 17

3. The cloud of electrons that forms before x-ray production is referred to as ______.
   A. Thermionic emission
   B. Space charge
   C. Space charge effect
   D. Tube current

Answer 17

B. Space charge

Question 18

4. The burning or boiling-off of electrons at the cathode is referred to as ______.
   A. Thermionic emission
   B. Space charge
   C. Space charge effect
   D. Tube current

Answer 18

A. Thermionic emission

Question 19

5. Which primary exposure factor influences both the quantity and the quality of x-ray photons?
   A. mA
   B. mAs
   C. kVp
   D. Exposure time

Answer 19

C. kVp

Question 20

6. The unit used to express tube current is ______.
   A. mA
   B. mAs
   C. kVp
   D. s

Answer 20

A. mA

Question 21

7. What percentage of the kinetic energy is converted to heat when moving electrons strike the anode target?
   A. 1%
   B. 25%
   C. 59%
   D. 99%

Answer 21

D. 99%

Question 22

8. The intensity of the x-ray beam is greater on the ______.
   A. Cathode side of the tube
   B. Anode side of the tube
   C. Short axis of the beam
   D. Long axis of the beam

Answer 22

A. Cathode side of the tube

Question 23

9. According to the line-focus principle, as the target angle decreases, the ________.
   A. Actual focal spot size decreases
   B. Actual focal spot size increases
   C. Effective focal spot size decreases
   D. Effective focal spot size increases

Answer 23

C. Effective focal spot size decreases

Question 24

10. ___________ extends x-ray tube life.
    A. Selecting higher tube currents
    B. Using small focal spots when possible
    C. Producing exposures with a wide range of kVp values
    D. Warming up the tube after 2 hours of non-use

Answer 24

D. Warming up the tube after 2 hours of non-use

Question 25

11. Which type of target interaction is responsible for most of the x-rays in the diagnostic beam? A. Characteristic interaction B. Thermionic emission C. Bremsstrahlung interaction D. None of the above

Answer 25

C. Bremsstrahlung interaction

Question 26

12. What value of mAs is produced when the radiographer sets a kVp of 70, an mA of 600, and an exposure time of 50 ms? A. 3.5 mAs B. 30 mAs C. 300 mAs D. 350 mAs

Answer 26

B. 30 mAs

Question 27

13. Increasing the kVp results in ______. A. X-rays with higher energy B. X-rays with lower energy C. More x-rays D. A and C E. B and C

Answer 27

D. A and C

Question 28

14. Total filtration in the x-ray beam includes ______. A. Compensating filters B. Inherent filtration C. Added filtration D. B and C E. All of the above

Answer 28

D. B and C

Question 29

15. How many heat units result from an exposure made on a single-phase x-ray unit using a beam current of 400 mA, an exposure time of 0.2 s, and a kVp of 70? A. 5600 HU B. 7560 HU C. 7896 HU D. 8120 HU

Answer 29

A. 5600 HU