Chapter 1

Question 1

Condensation

Answer 1

The joining of two products with the release of a water molecule

Question 2

Monosaccharide

Answer 2

Any kind of simple sugar molecule, for example, glucose

Question 3

Amino acids

Answer 3

Basic building blocks or sub-units of polypeptide chains

Question 4

Nucleotides

Answer 4

Basic building blocks or sub-units of DNA and RNA, consisting of a phosphate group, a base and a sugar. The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose and the sugar in RNA is ribose.

Question 5

Proteome

Answer 5

The complete array of proteins produced by a single cell or organism in a particular environment.

Question 6

Apoptosis

Answer 6

Programmed cell death.

Question 7

Plasma membrane

Answer 7

Partially permeable boundary of a cell separating it from its physical surroundings, controlling entry to and exit of substances from a cell.

Question 8

Diffusion

Answer 8

Net movement of a substance from a region of high concentration of the substance to a region of lower concentration. This process does not require energy.

Question 9

Osmosis

Answer 9

Net movement of water molecules across a partially permeable membrane and down a concentration gradient.

Question 10

Exocytosis

Answer 10

Movement of material out of cells via vesicles in the cytoplasm.

Question 11

Endocytosis

Answer 11

Bulk movement of solids or liquids into a cell by engulfment.