Chapter 1

Question 0

Culture

Answer 0

Totality of human experience for social contexts

Question 1

Cultural Identity

Answer 1

Degree to which people identify belonging to cultural subgroups or categories

Question 2

Universal culture

Answer 2

Commonalities shared by all cultures of humankind (language, social norms, physiological responses & functions)

Question 3

Group culture

Answer 3

Characteristics shares by a particular group

Question 4

Individual culture

Answer 4

Behaviors, attitudes, and cognition a unique to a single person

Question 5

Cultural encapsulation

Answer 5

Narrow, rigid view of the world using one’s own culture groups as the reference

Question 6

Ethnocentrism

Answer 6

Evaluating other cultures based upon one’s own culture as the norm

Question 7

Individualism

Answer 7

Behaviors & attitudes guided by incentives of self-determination and independence

Question 8

Collectivism

Answer 8

Decisions and values based on what is best for others

Question 9

Race

Answer 9

Arbitrary socially constructed classification of people based on physical distinctions

Question 10

Nationality

Answer 10

A person’s nation of origin

Question 11

Ethnicity

Answer 11

Shared characteristics of culture, religion, language

Question 12

Generational status

Answer 12

Clusters of particular age groups within a particular social & historical context

Question 13

Gender

Answer 13

Expression of social categories based around sex

Question 14

Gender roles

Answer 14

Behaviors deemed appropriate by a particular culture for males and females

Question 15

Androgyny

Answer 15

Blending of masculine and feminine

Question 16

Sexual orientation

Answer 16

Sexual/affectional attraction to a particular gender (or both)

Question 17

Sexual identity

Answer 17

Degree of identification with a particular sexual orientation

Question 18

Socioeconomic status

Answer 18

Determined by social, educational, and financial resources available

Question 19

Disability

Answer 19

Mental or physical impairment affecting a person’s daily activities

Question 20

Spirituality

Answer 20

Connection with oneself and/or the universe as a whole

Question 21

Religion

Answer 21

Behaviors and practices of a particular faith

Question 22

Advocacy

Answer 22

Promoting an idea, policy, or cause to better the lives of people with less power, access, advantage, or social status

Question 23

Privilege

Answer 23

Unconscious/unearned power, access to resources, advantage, and social position

Question 24

Oppression

Answer 24

Lack of power, in accessibility, disadvantage, and minority social status

Question 25

Worldview

Answer 25

A person's conceptualization of his/her relationship with the world

Question 26

Locus of responsibility

Answer 26

A person's perception of his or her own Accountability (internal or external)

Question 27

Ableism

Answer 27

discrimination against those with disabilities, such as assuming a person with a physical disability is also mentally impaired

Question 28

Locus of control

Answer 28

the degree of control individuals perceive they have over their environment (internal or external)

Question 29

Human nature

Answer 29

the degree to which an individual believes humans are basically good, bad, or a combo of both

Question 30

Relationship to nature

Answer 30

how an individual views nature (harmony, power over, or power of nature)

Question 31

Sense of time

Answer 31

aspect of time an individual focuses on (past, present, or future)

Question 32

Activity

Answer 32

how self-expression occurs for an individual (BEING with internal self-focus, BEING-IN-BECOMING with goal orientation, or DOING externally generated work)

Question 33

Social relationships

Answer 33

degree of hierarchy and group focus within a culture (lineal-hierarchical, collateral-mutual, or individualistic)

Question 34

Communication

Answer 34

verbal (w/ use of metaphors to connect with other cultures) and nonverbal (including proxemics, kinesics, and paralanguage)

Question 35

Self-reflective process

Answer 35

the counselor evaluates how s/he inadvertently communicates personal biases, values, and assumptions to a client

Question 36

Prejudice

Answer 36

prematurely holding a belief or attitude w/out appropriate examination or consideration of actual data (as opposed to discrimination, which is an action)

Question 37

Discrimination

Answer 37

covert and overt behaviors based on generalizations held about individuals based on cultural group memberships

Question 38

Immigration

Answer 38

process in which foreign-born individuals settle in a new country

Question 39

Acculturation

Answer 39

degree to which immigrants identify with and conform to a new culture of a host society or integrate new cultural values into their current value system

Question 40

biculturalism

Answer 40

process in which individuals identify both with their own culture and the host culture

Question 41

Multicultural Counseling Competence (MCC)

Answer 41

1. Counselor awareness of own cultural values & biases 2. Counselor awareness of client's worldview 3. Culturally appropriate intervention strategies

Question 42

Systems approach to multicultural counseling

Answer 42

Individual, family, community, historical influences considered

Question 43

etic

Answer 43

focuses on universal qualities common to all cultures

Question 44

emic

Answer 44

focuses on divergent attitudes, values, and behaviors of specific cultures

Question 45

with-group vs. between-group differences

Answer 45

there are more within-group than between-group differences