Chapter 1 Flashcards by Taylor Ryken

What is physiology?

The study of the functions of the body

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What is anatomy?

The study of structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.

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What are the levels of organizations?

Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms.

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Integumentary

Skin hair nails

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Skeletal

Bones

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Muscular

Muscles

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Nervous

Brain, nerves, spinal cord

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Endocrine

Hormones

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Cariovascular

Veins and heart

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Lymphatic

Cleans the blood and provides immunity lymph nodes

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Respiratory

Lungs and bronchus

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Digestive

Trachea, stomach and intestines

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Urinary

Eliminates nitrogenous waste. Bladder, kidneys

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Reproductive

Vagina and penis

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What are the functions necessary for life?

Maintaining boundaries, movement, responsiveness, digestion, metabolism, excretion, reproduction, growth

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Survival needs?

Nutrients, oxygen, water, body temp, atmospheric pressure

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Negative feedback

The bodies ability to maintain homeostasis by one reaction leading to the opposite reaction.

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Positive feedback

One reaction until the outcome is achieved

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Superior

Toward the head

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Inferior

Toward the feet

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Ventral (anterior)

Toward the front

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Dorsal (posterior)

Toward the back the body

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Medial

Toward the midline

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Lateral

Away from the midline

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Intermediate

Between a more medial and a more lateral

Proximal

Closer to the origin of the body part

Distal

Farther from the origin of the body part

Superficial

Toward the surface of the body

Deep

Away from the body surface

Cephalic

Head region

Frontal

Forehead

Orbital

Eye

Nasal

Nose

Oral

Mouth

Mental

Chin

Cervical

Neck

Thoracic

Chest

Sternal

Sternum

Axillary

Arm pit

Mammary

Breast

Abdominal

Abdomin

Umbilical

Naval

Pelvic

Pelvis

Inguinal

Groin

Pubic

Genital

Acromial

Point of shoulder

Brachial

Arm

Antebrachial

Forearm

Olecranal

Back of the elbow

Carpal

Wrist

Manus

Hand

Pollex

Thumb

Palmar

Palm

Digital

Fingers, Toes

Coxal

Hip

Femoral

Thigh

Patellar

Knee

Popliteal

Back of the knee

Crural

Shin

Sural

Calf

Fibulae

Side of the leg

Pedal

Foot

Tarsal

Ankle

Calcaneal

Heel

Metatarsal

Foot

Plantar

Sole

Hallux

Big toe

Otic

Ear

Occipital

Back of the head

Scapular

Shoulder blade

Vertebral

Spinal column

Lumbar

Loin

Sacral

Sacrum

Gluteal

Buttock

Perineal

Groin

Frontal, coronal plane

Separates the front from the back

Sagittal plane

Separates the right from the left

Transverse, horizontal plane

Separates the top from the bottom