Chapter 1 Flashcards
(47 cards)
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass. An atom is the fundamental building block
Solid
State of matter with a definite shape and volume. Most dense, not compressible.
Allotropes
(Solid) Different form of the same element that exist in the same physical state under the same conditions of temperature and pressure.
Ex. Carbon
Crystalline Solid
Solids with an ordered arrangement of atoms, molecules or ions that results in planar faces and sharp angles of the crystals. Long range pattern, organized
Ex. Diamonds
Amorphous Solid
A solid whose constituent nanoscale particles have no long-range repeating structure. No long range pattern
Ex. Charcoal
Liquid
A phase of matter in which a substance has no definite shape but a definite volume, not as dense as a solid.
Gas
A phase of matter in which a substance has no definite shape and has a volume determined by the container, molecules very spread out
Element
Substance that connote be decomposed into two or more substances by any means
Periodic Table
Elements organized in rows by atomic number(number of protons) and columns by shared reactivity
Metals
Solid at room temperature(except Mercury)
Conduct electricity(electrons flow easily)
Ductile(ability to be drawn into wires)
Malleable(ability to made into thin sheets)
Can form alloys(uniform mixtures of metals)
Usually have high densities
Metallic nature increase right to left and down a column
Non-Metals
Typically don’t conduce electricity
More diverse in properties
No common state of matter
Not all monatomic
Monatomic Element
Element occurring as a single atoms at 25C and 1atm.
Diatomic Element
Element that forms a molecule at 25C and 1 atm that consists of two atoms of that element.
Ex. H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
Polyatomic Element
Element that forms a molecule at 25C and 1atm that consists of three or more atoms of that element
Ex. P4, S8
Metalloids
Share properties of metals and non-metals
Many are superconductors: substance that is highly conductive when cooled below a critical temperature
Main Group Elements
Group 1A-8A (columns 1-2 and 13-18) These elements react in predictable ways
Transition Metals
Groups 1B-8B (columns 3-12) These elements react less predictably than the main group elements, but prefer to lose elections to become positively charged
Alkali Metals
Group 1A metals (column 1). These elements are highly reactive. These elements take a +1 charge when they form compounds.
Alkaline Earth Metals
Group 2A metals (column 2). These elements are highly reactive, react less than the alkali metals. These elements take a +2 charge when they form compounds.
Halogens
Group 7A non-metals (column 7). These elements are highly reactive non-metals. These elements are typically diatomic. As monatomic ions, these elements take a -1 charge.
Nobel Gases
Group 8A non-metals (column 18). These elements are mostly unreactive and are gases under normal conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure).
Compound
A pure substance that can be decomposed into two or more pure substances by chemical means
Heterogenous Mixture
A non-uniform mixture in which components remain separate and can be observed as individual substances or phases.
Homogeneous Mixture
A mixture of two or more substances in a single phase that is uniform throughout. (Can’t see different substances at the macroscopic level; but there are distance differences at the molecular level.
