Chapter 1 Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is articulation?
Production of speech sounds through physical movement of the jaw, lips, tongue, and velum to change the size and shape of the vocal tract
What is speech?
Dynamic neuromuscular process of producing speech sounds for communication
What is resonance?
Modification of the vocal tone as it passes through the vocal tract
What sounds are produced when the velum is lowered and air passes through the nasal cavity?
Nasal sounds (m,n,ng)
What sounds are produced when air passes through the oral cavity?
Nonnasal sounds
What is phonation?
The production of speech sounds through vibration of the vocal folds in the larynx; involves frequency and intensity
What is respiration?
Inhale/exhale air; speak on exhalation
What is fluency?
The rate and flow of speech as it is produced
What are the speech sound positions?
Initial, medial, and final
What is language?
A socially shared code or conventional system for representing concepts through the use of arbitrary symbols and rule-governed combinations of these symbols
What is receptive language?
What is understood
What is expressive language?
What is produced
What is syntax?
Rules that govern form or structure of a sentence-word order
What is morphology?
Rules that govern the initial organization of words
What is a morpheme?
Smallest grammatical unit which has meaning
What are free morphemes?
Independent morphemes that can stand alone and have meaning
What are bound morphemes?
Grammatical tags or markers that cannot function independently and can change the meaning of words when attached to a free morpheme
What is phonology?
Rules that govern the structure, distribution, and sequencing of speech sounds and the shapes of syllables
What are phonemes?
Smallest linguistic unit of sound that can signal a difference in meaning
What are semantics?
Rules that govern meaning or content of words and word combinations-word meaning
What are pragmatics?
Rules related to language use within the communicative text
What does pragmatics involve?
Organization, repair of errors, roles, speech acts, taking turns, topic maintenance and initiation, making relevant contributions to the conversation, proximity, and eye contact
What is a speech act?
Intentionally verbally encoded message that includes the speaker’s intentions, speaker’s meaning, message meaning, and listener interpretation
What is communication?
The process participants use to exchange information, ideas, needs, and desires
