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Injury Prevention And Care > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

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0
Q

what is the outcome of evidence based health care?

A

improve patient care outcomes and result in cost-affective medicine

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1
Q

What’s is evidence based health care

A

Integration of best research, coupled with clinical expertise, hinged patients experience

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2
Q

Name fields under the the human performance side of the sports medicine umbrella?

A

coach, biomechanist, athletic training, sports massage, sports psychology, sports nutrition, exercise physiologist

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3
Q

name fields under the clinical side of sports medicine umbrella?

A

PT, physician, athletic training

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4
Q

What is HIPAA?

A

the Health Insurance Portability and Acoountability Act the helps guarantee that patients health records are shared in a way that they desire

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5
Q

What is FERPA?

A

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act is a law that protects the school records of students

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6
Q

What is the FIRST action an athletic trainer or fitness instructor should consider in preventing injury?

A

conduct a pre-participation (Par-Q) or wellness screening examination to identify risk factors.

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7
Q

The treatment modality P-RICE includes what terms?

A

Prevent, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevate

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8
Q

What is liability?

A

refers to being legally responsible for the harm one causes another or to ones property.

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9
Q

What is negligence?

A

the failure of the professional to use reasonable or “ordinary” care

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10
Q

Essential components of a “case”?

A

Duty of cares between health care professional and the participants, conducts/actions of professional, that fall short, Actions/inaction caused damages.

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11
Q

What are torts?

A

legal wrongs

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12
Q

What is nonfeasance?

A

omission

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13
Q

what is Malfeasance?

A

commits act that is not legally their to perform (commission)

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14
Q

What is misfeasance?

A

performs action improperly

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15
Q

What does the good samaritan law do?

A

provides limited protection against legal liability to any individual who voluntarily chooses to provide first aid, cpr, and emergency care

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16
Q

What is sovereign immunity?

A

states that neither government nor any individual who is employed by the government can be held liable for negligence

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17
Q

What is assumption of risk?

A

players/member assume that some risk or danger is associated with the activity.

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18
Q

what is a trauma?

A

a physical injury or wound sustained in sport and produced by an external or internal force

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19
Q

what is a mechanical injury?

A

force or mechanical energy that changes the state or rest to uniform motion of matter

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20
Q

What is loading?

A

single or cumulative forces

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21
Q

what is a stress?

A

reaction of tissue to a load

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22
Q

What is a strain?

A

deformation of tissue as a result of “stress”

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23
Q

What is viscoelastic?

A

human tissue properties vary depending on the rate of the load applied

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24
What is a tendon?
Connective tissue that attaches or connects bone to muscle
25
What is a ligament?
connective tissue that attaches or connects muscle to muscle
26
what is compression? and name some examples?
external voce pressing against each other. fracture, contusion (bruise), arthritis
27
what is tension? Example?
two forces pulling apart in opposite directions. muscle tares
28
What is shearing? Examples?
teo forces "sliding" parallel opposite directions. skin injuries like blisters
29
what is bending?
external force and resistive force; at the end and shaft of bones
30
What is torsion?
twisting in opposite directions
31
Name the cardinal signs of inflammation?
1. tumor-swelling 2. rubor-reddness 3. dolor-pain 4. calor-temperature 5. functionless-loss of function
32
Name the three phases of healing?
- inflammatory response (up to 4 days) - fibroblastic repair phase (3 days-6 weeks) - maturation-remodeling phase (4 weeks to 2-3 years)
33
What is a hematoma?
bleeding outside the joint
34
What is a hemarthrosis?
bleeding inside the joint
35
Name some pain theories for assessing pain?
gate control theory, central biasing, release of B-endorphins
36
What scales are used to assess pain?
visual analogue, pain charts, questionnaires, and numeric rating
37
What does the P-RICE first aid stand for?
``` Prevention Rest Ice Compression Elevation ```
38
What is a sprain?
injury to ligament or capsular structure
39
what is a strain?
injury or stretching of the muscle tissue or tendon
40
what does SOAP mean?
Subjective Objective Assessment Plan
41
What does HOPS mean?
History Observation Palpation Special tests
42
what does a first degree sprain injury consist of?
mild over stretching no disruption, mild pain and tenderness, little to no disability, pain at end range, and no joint laxity
43
What does second degree sprain injury consist of?
partial disruption of ligament, moderate to severe pain, ecchymosis and rapid swelling, limited ROM, tests showing degrees of joint instability
44
what does a third degree sprain injury consist of?
complete disruption of ligament, moderate to severe joint instability, "pop" sound, immediate pain, functionless, tumor, and ecchymosis
45
What are the 5 types of tissue loading??
1. compression 2. tension 3. torsion 4. shearing 5. bending
46
what is crepitus?
a crackling feeling or sound
47
What is bursitis?
local swelling around a bursar that are located between bony prominences
48
what is diastasis?
separation of two articulating bones
49
what is a subluxation?
is a partial dislocation or when the bone comes partially out of normal articulation and then goes right back in.
50
what should you do for first time ankle sprains?
x-ray
51
what should you do first for medial eversion ankle injuries?
x-ray
52
what is myositits ossificans?
result of repeated trauma to an area where a calcium deposit forms and creates a bone spur
53
what is a dislocation?
when a bone a is out of articulation
54
What type of joint is the ankle joint?
hinge joint
55
what does the talus do for the ankle?
adds stability
56
what connects the tibia and fibula? and what does that consist of?
interosseous membrane. ligamentous fibers
57
what is a closed fracture?
when there is little or no movement or displacement of broken bones
58
what is a open fracture?
enough displacement of fractured ends that the bone actually breaks through surrounding tissue, including skin
59
what is a greenstick fracture?
incomplete breaks in bones that have not completely ossified
60
what is a comminuted fracture?
consist of three or more fragments at the fracture site
61
what is a linear fracture?
linear fractures that splits along the length of the bone
62
what is a transverse fracture?
fractures occur in a straight line
63
what is a oblique fracture?
fracture in a diagonal plane from a sudden torsion at one end while other is fixed
64
what is a spiral fracture?
s-shaped separation, from planting then suddenly rotating
65
What is the name for the ankle joint?
talocrural joint
66
two movements of the ankle joint are?
plantar flexion and dorsiflexion
67
what are the subtler movements?
inversion and eversion
68
what three bones make up the ankle joint?
talus, tibia, and fibula
69
what is the closed packed position of the ankle?
dorsiflexion
70
what is the loose packed position of the ankle?
Plantarflexion
71
what ligaments make up the lateral complex?
anterior talofibular lig., calaneofibular lig, posterior talofibular lig.
72
what ligament makes up the medial ankle complex?
the deltoid ligament (makes up for shorten medial malleolus)
73
what are the four compartments of the lower leg?
anterior compartment lateral compartment superficial posterior compartment deep posterior compartment
74
what muscles are part of the anterior compartment?
tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum, and extensor hallcus
75
what muscles are part of the posterior compartment?
tibialis posterior, flex digitorum, flexor hallcus
76
what muscles make of the superficial posterior compartment?
gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris
77
what muscle make up the lateral compartment?
peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, peroneus territus
78
what care do you not use when it is a compartment issue?
do not ice or compress
79
Name the mechanism, symptoms, and signs of a mid-moderate ankle sprain.
mechanism-inversion force and lateral ligaments attenuate symptoms-lateral ankle tenderness, loss of normal function signs-swelling, possible deformity and instability
80
what is pitting edema?
press into a swelled area and the indentation stays
81
Name the mechanism, symptoms, and signs of a eversion sprain (medial ankle sprain)
Mechanism--forced eversion and deltoid ligament sprain Symptoms--medial malleous tenderness, loss of function, antalgic gait Signs--swelling and hemorrhage, deformity and instability
82
Name the mechanisms, symptoms, and signs of a high ankle sprain.
Mechanisms--dorsiflexion and external rotation Symptoms--severe pain with ER and loss of function Signs--swelling, antalgic gait, high pain-pt tender
83
What is the name for a high ankle sprain?
Tib-Fib sprains
84
three important things to remember about medial ankle sprains?
less then 10% of sprains, always x-ray, and fracture is likely
85
What is the name of a fibula feature and what occurs?
Maisonneuve fracture-a force through the interosseous membrane into and through bone
86
what makes up the achilles?
gastroc, soleus, plantaris
87
name the mechanisms, symptoms, and signs of achilles tendinitis.
mechanism--overuse, repeated microtrauma, degenerative changes Symptoms--AROM PROM pain, PROM stretch pain Signs--swelling point tenderness, thickening in the tendon, possible crepitus
88
what is tendinitis?
inflammation on the tendon
89
what is tenosynovitis?
inflammation of the tendon and synovial sheath
90
Name the mechanisms, symptoms, and signs of achilles tenosynovitis.
Mechanisms--repeated microtrauma, degenerative changes, synovial sheath Symptoms--AROM PROM, PROM stretch pain Signs---swelling, "snowball" crepitus, chronic inflammation leads to thickening
91
Name the mechanisms, signs, and symptoms of achilles tendon rupture.
Mechanisms--strenuous activities, involving, plantar flexion, repeated trauma Symptoms--sudden severe pain, audible "snapping", loss of function Signs--swelling and ecchymosis, achilles defect ("rent")
92
what does rent mean?
a divit or indent where something has ruptured
93
What action plan do you take if there are signs of an achilles rupture?
stabilize in the position that its in go to hospital avoid dorsiflexion
94
What are three common test for fractures?
compression longitudinal tap
95
Name the mechanism, symptoms, and signs of perineal luxation.
Mechanism--force behind the lateral maleous, external inversion, shallow perineal groove Symptoms--proneal pain, snapping sensation
96
Name the mechanisms, symptoms, signs fibular fracture.
Mechanisms--direct trauma to fib, indirect ankle eversion Symptoms--pain with force eversion, loss of function Signs--possible deformity, rapid swelling-hematoma, delayed ecchymosis
97
Name mechanisms, symptoms, and signs of tibia fracture.
Mechanism--direct force to tibia, indirect tibial torsion Symptoms--sudden pain, loss of function Signs--deformity and creptius, rapid swelling, delayed ecchymosis, false joint motion, unable to bear weight
98
What is the weak link in adolescent injuries?
epiphyseal plate
99
Name the mechanisms, symptoms, and signs of epiphyseal plate fracture.
Mechanism--direct tibia trauma, indirect torsion force, adolescents 10-16yrs Aymptoms--sudden pain, loss of ankle function Signs--possible deformity, rapid swelling, delayed ecchymosis, possible false jt motion
100
What is a Jones fracture?
fracture in the base of the fifth metatarsal
101
What is the name for epiphyseal plate fracture?
Salter-harris fracture
102
Whats does the SALTER stand for the salter-harris fracture?
``` Straight through Above Lower Through Everything Ruined ```
103
Name the mechanism, symptoms, signs of a Jones Fracture.
Mechanism--indirect force of inversion and plantar flexion Symptoms--sudden fifth metatarsal pain, instable weight bear Signs--possible deformity, swelling, possible crepitus, delayed ecchymosis

Injury Prevention And Care (1 decks)

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