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Biology 1 Honors > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

0
Q

second step of the scientific method

A

Research the topic

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1
Q

First step of the scientific method

A

To ask a question

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2
Q

Third step of the scientific method

A

Create a hypothisis

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3
Q

Fourth step of the scientific method

A

Experiment your hypothesis

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4
Q

Fifth step of the scientific method

A

Analysis the data

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5
Q

Sixth step of the scientific method

A

Create a conclusion and check your data to see if your hypothesis was correct

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6
Q

Independent vs. dependent

A

The independent variable is the variable that changes and the dependent is the variable that changes based on the independent variable.

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7
Q

Controlled experiment

A

Has has only a single independent variable

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8
Q

What are the four major themes in biology?

A

1- properties emerge at each level of organization
2- living organisms interact with their environment
3- cells are the structural building blocks of life
4- evolution and unity of life

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9
Q

Eyepiece

A

The lens at the top of the body tube that the viewer looks through.
-10x magnification

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10
Q

Body tube

A

Connects the eye piece to the objective

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11
Q

Arm

A

Supports the tube and connects it tho the base

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12
Q

Revolving nose piece

A

Holds two or more objective lenses and can be rotated easily to change the power

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13
Q

High power objective

A

Longest objective, used for observing fine detail.

-40x magnification

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14
Q

Low power objective

A

The next shortest after scanning objective

-10x magnification

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15
Q

Scanning objective

A

Shortest objective used for getting an overview of a slide.

-4x magnification

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16
Q

Coarse adjustment

A

brings the specimen into general focus

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17
Q

Fine adjustment

A

Fine tunes the focus and increases the detail of a specimen

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18
Q

Mechanical stage and stage

A

A flat platform where you can place your slides. Moves back and forth and up and down.

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19
Q

Stage clip

A

Holds the slides in place

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20
Q

Diaphragm

A

Controls the light going through

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21
Q

Light

A

Used to illuminate the specimen

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22
Q

Base

A

Used for support

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23
Q

Stage opening

A

Allows light to pass though the specimen

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24
Formula for field of view
Low magnification High field of view ---------------------- = ------------------ High magnification Low field of view
25
Um vs. mm
1000 um = 1 mm
26
Control vs experimental variables
Control- Stay the same | Experimental- changes throughout the experiment
27
Quantitative vs qualitative
Quantitative- numbers | Qualitative- observations that don't have #s
28
Levels of organization
Molecule-organelle-cells-tissues-organs-systems-organisms-populations-communities-ecosystems-biome-biosphere
29
Theory vs law
Theory- can be changed, in contrast to law | Law- absolute, scientifically proven
30
Biology
the study of living organisms, divided into many specialized fields that cover their morphology, physiology, anatomy, behavior, origin, and distribution.
31
Homeostasis
the tendency of an organism or cell to regulate its internal conditions.
32
Ecology
the branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and their physical surroundings.
33
Heterotrophs
an organism that cannot make its own food and is dependent on complex substance for nutritions.
34
Metabolism
the chemical processes that occur within a living organism in order to maintain life.
35
SI units
(International System of Units)-- a system of physical units (SI Units) based on meter, kilogram, second, ampere, kelvin, candela, and mole, together with a set of prefixes to indicate multiplication or division of the power of ten.
36
Differentiation
the act or process of differentiating (to make something or someone different in some way)
37
Genes
a unit of heredity that is transferred from a parent to offspring and is held to determine some characteristic of the offspring
38
Chromosomes
a trend like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cell, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
39
DNA
a self replicating material present in nearly all living organisms the main constituent of chromosomes, it is the carrier of genetic information.
40
Hypothesis
a proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further explanation.
41
Predictions
rigorous, often quantitative, forecasting what will happen under specific conditions.
42
Experiment
a scientific procedure undertaken to make a discovery, test a hypothesis, or demonstrate a known fact.
43
Scientific sampling
a group of cases elected from a population by a random process.
44
What is important for a hypothesis?
If then because statement
45
What is the role of observations in a scientific experiment?
The role of observations is to accept or reject a hypothesis, and to provide data for further research.
46
Characteristics of all living things
Have organization-- regulate themselves to maintain homeostasis -- show evolutionary adaptation -- process energy through metabolism and intern produce by products -- response to stimuli in the environments -- develop and grow
47
Molecule
Combination of atoms
48
Organelle
Specialized structures within a living cell
49
Cells
Microscopic organism, building blocks of life
50
Tissues
Material in which animals and plants are made of
51
Organs
Part of an organism that is self contained and has a specific vital function
52
Systems
a regularly interacting or independent group of items forming a unified whole
53
Organisms
An individual animal, plant, or single felled life form.
54
Populations
groups of individuals belonging to the same species that live in the same region at the same time.
55
Communities
interacting groups of various species in the same location
56
Ecosystems
interacting organisms and their physical environments
57
Biome
The environment
58
Biosphere
the regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere, of the earth occupied by all living things
59
Compound light microscope
uses a beam of light and lenses to enlarge an image, the specimen can be living or dead.
60
Stereoscope
Uses reflective light, good for larger specimens and dissections
61
Electron microscope
uses a beam of electrons to produce a micrograph. The specimens must be dead because the specimen is frozen in plastic and sliced with a microtome.It works transmitting electrons through an object to produce a flat image.
62
Scanning electron microscope
electrons flow over and bounce off the surface of the object to produce a 3-D image
63
What is an emergent property?
A property that complex systems have | Part of #1 properties emerge at each level of organization
65
Producers
Autotrophs Provides food for a typical ecosystem (Part of #2 living organisms interact with their environment)
66
Consumers
Heterotrophs Eats plants and other animals (Part of #2 living organisms interact with their environment)
67
How does energy move in an ecosystem?
Light energy is transformed into chemical energy and eventually into heat energy (Part of #2 living organisms interact with their environment)
68
What is systems biology?
The goal is to construct models to mimic whole biological systems. (Is in #3 cells are the structural and functional units of life)
69
Prokaryotic cells
Unicellular | Is in #3 cells are the structural and functional units of life
70
Eukaryotic cells
Multicellular | Is in #3 cells are the structural and functional units of life
71
What is evolution?
Species living today are descendants of ancestral species | Is in #4 evolution and unity of life
72
What is natural selection?
A mechanism for evolution | Is in #4 evolution and unity of life
73
What's the theory of biogenesis say?
A observation that living things come only from living things, by reproduction.
74
Sexual vs asexual
Sexual- requires 2 of the same species | Asexual- cell division
75
How do nutrients move in an ecosystem?
The nutrients are cycled in an ecosystem when one eats another (Part of #2 living organisms interact with their environment)

Biology 1 Honors (6 decks)

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