chapter 1 Flashcards
(160 cards)
1
Q
matter
A
anything that has mass and takes up space
2
Q
volume
A
the measure of a size a body or region in three dimensional space
3
Q
Meniscus
A
the curve at the liquids surface by witch one measures the volume of the liquid
4
Q
mass
A
a measure of the amount of matter in a object
5
Q
weight
A
it caned be measured by pounds newtons or grams to find the weight
6
Q
inertia
A
the tendency of a object not to move
7
Q
Section 2
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h
8
Q
physical property
A
where it does not change the color or texture but its body
9
Q
density
A
the ratio of the mass of a substance
10
Q
physical change
A
a change of matter from one substance to another
11
Q
Section 3
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h
12
Q
chemical property
A
matter that describes it abilitys
13
Q
chemical change
A
when one substance changes to another
14
Q
chapter 2
A
states of matter
15
Q
states of matter
A
the physical forms of matter which include solid liquid and gas
16
Q
solid
A
the state in matter witch the volume and shape of a substance are fixed
17
Q
liquid
A
the state of matter that has a definite shape and volume.
18
Q
surface tension
A
a special property of liquids
19
Q
viscotity
A
the resistance of a gas or a liquid to flow
20
Q
gas
A
a gas with no definite shape
21
Q
section 2
A
h
22
Q
temperature
A
the measure of how fast the particles are moving
23
Q
volume
A
the amount of space a object takes up
24
Q
pressure
A
the amount of force givin
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Section 3
h
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Change of state
the change of a substance from one physical state to another
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melting
a change of a state in witch a solid becomes a liquid by adding energy
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evaporation
the change of a substance from a liquid to a gas
29
boiling
the conversion of a liquid to a vapor when the vapor pressure of the liquids equals the atmospheric pressure
30
condensation
the change of state from a gas to a liquid
31
sublimation
the process in witch a solid changes directly into a gas
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Chapter 3, Section 1
h
33
element
is a pure substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances .
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pure substance
a substance in witch there is only one type of particle
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metal
an element that is shiny and conducts heat well
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nonmetal
an element that conducts heat and electricity poorly
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metalloid
an element that has properties of both metals and nonmetals.
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Section 2
h
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compuonds
a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds
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Section 3
h
41
mixture
a combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined.
42
solution
a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances uniformly dispersed throughout a single phase
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solute
in a solution, the substance that dissolves in the solvent.
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solvent
in a solution, a substance in which the solute dissolves.
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concentration
the amount of a particular substance in a given quantity of a mixture, solution, or ore
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solubility
the ability of one substance to dissolve in another at a given temperature and pressure
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suspention
a mixture in which particles of a material are more or less evenly dispersed throughout a liquid or a gas
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colloid
a mixture consisting of tiny particles that are intermediate in size between those in solutions and those in suspension and that are suspended in a liquid, solid, or gas
49
Chapter 4, Section 1
h
50
atom
the smallest unit of a element that maintains the properties of that element
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electron
a subatomic particle that has a negative charge
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nucleus
in a physical science, an atoms central region, which is made up of protons and neutrons
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electron cloud
a region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found
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Section 2
h
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proton
a subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom
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atomic mass unit
a unit of mass that describes the mass of an atom or molecule
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neutron
a subatomic particle that has no charge and is found in the nucleus of a atom
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atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom; the atomic number is the same for all atoms of a element
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isotope
an atom that has the same number of protons as other atoms of the same element do but that has a different number of neutrons
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mass number
the sum of number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
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atomic mass
the mass of an atom expressed in atomic mass units
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Chapter 5, Section 1
h
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periodic
describes something that occurs or repeats at regular intervals
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periodic law
the law that states that the repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of elements
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period
in chemistry a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table
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group
a vertical column of elements in the periodic table
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Section 2
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alkali metal
one of the elements of group 1 of the periodic table
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alkali earth metal
one of the elements of group 2 of the periodic table
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halogen
one of the elements of group 17 of the periodic table
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noble gas
one of the elements of group 18 of the periodic table
72
Chapter 1, Section 1
h
73
cell
in biology the smallest unit that can perform all life processes cells that covered by a membrane and have DNA and Cytoplasm.
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cell membrane
a phosphoric layer that covers a cells surface acts as a barrier between the inside the inside of a cell and the cells environment.
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organelle
one of the small bodies in a cells cytoplasm that are specialized to perform a specific function.
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nucleus
in a Eukaryota cell a membrane bound organelle that contains the cells DNA and that has a role in the process such as growth metabolism and reproduction.
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prokaryote
an organism that consist of a single cell that does not have a nucleus.
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eukaryote
an organism made up of cells that have a nucleus enclosed by a membrane Eukaryota include animals, plants, and fungi but not archaebacteria and eubacteria
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Section 2
h
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cell wall
a ridged structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides support to the cell.
81
ribosome
cell organelle composed of RNA and protein the site of protein synthesis
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endoplasmic reticulum
a system of membranes found in a cells cytoplasm and that assist in the production, processing and transport of protein and in the production of lipids
83
mitochondria
in Eukaryota cells, the cell organelle that is surrendered by two membranes and that is the site of cellar respiration
84
golgi complex
cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell.
85
vesicle
a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell
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lysosome
a cell organelle that contains digestive enzymes
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Section 3
h
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tissue
a group of similar cells that perform a common function
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organ
a collection of tissues that carry out a specialized function of the body
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organ system
a group of organs that work together to perform body functions
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organism
anything that can carry out life processes independily
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structure
the arrangement of parts in a organism
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function
the normal special proper activity of an organ or part
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Chapter 2, Section 1
h
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diffusion
the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density
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osmosis
the diffusion of water through a semipermeable membrane
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passive transport
the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy
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active transport
the movement of substances across the cell membrane that request the cell to use energy
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endocytosis
the process by which a cell membrane surronds
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Section 2
h
101
photosynthesis
the process by witch plants algae and some bacteria are used as sunlight carbon dioxide and water to make up food
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cellular respiration
the process by witch cells use oxygen to produce energy from food
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fermentation
the breakdown of food without the use of oxygen
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Section 3
h
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homologous chromosomes
chromosomes that have the same sequences of genes and the same structure
106
mitosis
in Eukaryota cells a process of cell division that forms two new nuclei each of witch has the same numbers of chromosomes
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cytokinesis
the division of the cytoplasm of a cell
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Chapter 3, Section 1
h
109
heredity
the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring
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dominant trait
the trait observed in the first generation when parents that have different traits are bred
111
recessive trait
a trait that reappears in the second generation after dispersing in the first generation.
112
Section 2
h
113
gene
one set of instructions for an inherited trait
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allele
one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic.
115
phenotype
an organisms appearance or other detectable characteristic
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genotype
the entire genetic makeup of an organisms.
117
probabilty
the likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event
118
Section 3
h
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homologous chromosomes
chromosomes that have the same number of genes and the same structure
120
meiosis
a process in cell division during witch the number of chromosomes are cut in to half
121
sex chromosomes
one pair of chromosomes that determine the sex of the induvidual
122
Chapter 4, Section 1
h
123
DNA
Aligonucleotide acid a molecule that is in all living things
124
nucleotide
in a nucleic acid chain a summit that consist of sugar
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Section 2
h
126
RNA
ribonuclic acid it plays a role as protein
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ribosome
a cell organism composed of RNA
128
mutation
a change in the nucleotide chain sequence of a chain.
129
Chapter 1, Section 1
h
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ecology
the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and their environment.
131
biotic
describes living factors in the environment
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abiotic
describes the non-living part of the environment.
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population
a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area
134
community
all the populations of species that live in the same habitat and interact with one another.
135
ecosystem
a community of organisms and their abiotic environment
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biosphere
the part of earth where life exist.
137
Section 2
h
138
herbivore
a organism that eats only plant
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carnivore
a organism that eats only meat
140
omnivore
a organism that eats both plants and meat
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food chain
a diagram that shows how energy flows from one organism to another
142
food web
a diagram that shows the feeding relationship between organisms
143
energy pyramid
a diagram that shows the ecosystem loss of energy
144
Section 3
h
145
carrying capacity
the largest population then it carrying capacity
146
prey
it gets eaten
147
preditor
it eats the other animal
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symbiosis
its where they associate with one another
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mutualism
its where both species benifit
150
commensalism
one is benefits and the other one is harmed
151
parasitism
one benefits and the other one is harmed
152
coevolution
makes the relationship more beneficial to both species
153
Chapter 2
h
154
evaporation
the change of a sub. from liquid to solid
155
condensation
the change of a sub. from gas to lquid
156
precipitation
any form of water that falls from earths surface to the clouds
157
decompostion
the breakdown of sub. to simplier subs.
158
combustion
the burning of a sub.
159
succesion
the replacment of community by one another
160
pioneer species
a species that colinizes an unhbabinate area
