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Western Civ > chapter 1-3 > Flashcards

chapter 1-3 Flashcards

1
Q

Mesopotamia’s world outlook

A

pessimistic

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2
Q

Mesopotamia’s natural barriars

A

none

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3
Q

Mesopotamia: water

A

irregular flooding

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4
Q

Mesopotamia’s government/politics

A

elected monarchy (chosen by the gods)

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5
Q

Mesopotamia’s economy

A

redistributive; divine monopoly

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6
Q

Mesopotamia’s religion

A

polytheistic: non-anthropomorphic

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7
Q

Mesopotamia’s Gods/mankind

A

the Gods cursed humans

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8
Q

Mesopotamia’s afterlife

A

shadowy, unhappy place

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9
Q

Mesopotamia’s societal organization

A

patriarchy, patrilineal

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10
Q

Mesopotamia’s women

A

could own business and enter into business contracts; could not hold office

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11
Q

Hunters were

A

men

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12
Q

Gatherers were

A

women

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13
Q

T/F The Mesopotamian’s had some sort of hierarchy

A

true

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14
Q

The Neolithic Revolution is also known as the

A

New Stone Age

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15
Q

The Bronze age is where

A

civilization was born

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16
Q

civilization meant seven things which were

A

1) economy based on agriculture an dtrade
2) political states based on cities
3) large populations
4) large communal buildings
5) diverse technology
6) knowledge of writing
7) local identity

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17
Q

Mesopotamia had which two rivers around them

A

Tigris and Euphrates

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18
Q

Egypt had which river source

A

Nile

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19
Q

who created the first irrigation

A

Sumerians

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20
Q

who conquered the Sumarians

A

Sargon of Akkad

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21
Q

Ziggurats were

A

temples where patrons stay/storage for massive surplus

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22
Q

What kind of writing did the Mesopotamians have?

A

began as pictographic script, created coneiform (wedge shaped stylist)

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23
Q

the Akkadians were ruled by

A

King Sargon

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24
Q

imperialism

A

a policy of extending a country’s power and influence through diplomacy or military force

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25
Q

when King Sargon conquered the Sumerians, they adopted much of their

A

religion, literature, and culture

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26
Q

Assyria exported wooden textiles to Anatolia in exchange for raw materials, which they then

A

sold to the rest of Mesopotamia

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27
Q

The Assyrian army

A

doesn’t actually fight many battles

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28
Q

Egyptian world outlook

A

optimistic

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29
Q

Egyptian natural barriers

A

Sahara Desert, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Nubian Desert

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30
Q

Egyptian water

A

regular flooding (Nile)

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31
Q

Egyptian Government/Politics

A

Hereditary; absolute monarchy; God-kings (Pharaohs)

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32
Q

Egyptian Economy

A

Royal Monopoly/redistributive economy

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33
Q

Egyptian Religion

A

polytheistic; animalistic

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34
Q

Egyptian Gods/Mankind

A

Gods blessed humans

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35
Q

Egyptian Afterlife

A

land of two fields; always successful

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36
Q

Egyptian Societal organization

A

gender equality

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37
Q

Egyptian Women

A

could own business and enter into business contracts; could not hold office

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38
Q

Ma’at

A

the supernatural force that brought order and harmony to human beings if they maintained a stable hierarchy

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39
Q

Egyptian writing was used for

A

religious purposes, pictographic, hieroglyphics, hieratic & demonic, papyrus, scribes

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40
Q

what does the vizier do?

A

oversees bureaucracy

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41
Q

Bureaucracy oversees?

A

general people

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42
Q

Egyptians didn’t have judges or courts. Instead they had

A

royal board of officials

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43
Q

crime rate was

A

extremely low

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44
Q

Decrees of the King meant that

A

whatever he spoke became law

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45
Q

Egyptian societies had a

A 
strict hierarchy which consisted of the 
Royal Family
Preisthood, bureaucrats
free workers
slaves
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46
Q

status of the wife was determined how

A

by the status of the husband

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47
Q

Hatshepsut was believed to be

A

Horris in a woman’s body

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48
Q

Minoans had no written literature, only official records, in a script called

A

Linear A (non translatable)

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49
Q

King Minos was famous in Greek myth for

A

building the first great navy and for keeping the Minotaur in a labyrinth at his palace

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50
Q

No city walls around the Minoan Civilization which means

A

they weren’t worried about invasion

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51
Q

emphasis on goddesses in Minoan culture because this meant that

A

women dominated Minoan society

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52
Q

Cretan-Zeus represented

A

the vegetation cycle

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53
Q

Mycenaean’s were indo-european and were also the

A

earliest Greeks

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54
Q

Acropolis

A

high city

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55
Q

They had walled palace complexes because

A

the Greeks were always fighting each other

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56
Q

Mycenaean economy

A

redistributive

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57
Q

Mycenaeans were influenced by

A

the Minoans

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58
Q

what type of writing did the Mycenaeans have?

A

Linear B (blend pictographic and letters; somewhat translatable)

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59
Q

what brought on the collapse of the Mycenaeans?

A

Trojan war

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60
Q

Dark age was from

A

1150-750

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61
Q

government during the Dark Ages was

A

a council and assembly

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62
Q

the council consisted of

A

the local village chiefs and a leading chief

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63
Q

the assembly consisted of

A

all military aged men, with a simply majority pass/fail

64
Q

the government during the dark ages did not consist of

A

a law code/judicial system

65
Q

dark age religion

A

polytheistic; anthropomorphic

66
Q

dark age religion was communal or private

A

communal (sacrifices and festivals)

67
Q

Phoenician alphabet consisted of

A

22 abstract symbols, no vowels, moderate literacy

68
Q

the Phoenician colonization consisted of

A

a trading post and colonies in Carthage

69
Q

T/F The Phoenician colony was highly urbanized

A

true

70
Q

Hebrews were from

A

Mesopotamia

71
Q

Hebrew world outlook

A

quasi-optomistic

72
Q

Hebrew Natural Barriers

A

Mediterranean sea, mountains

73
Q

Hebrew water source

A

scarce fresh water, shallow rivers

74
Q

Hebrew government/politics

A

hereditary, monarchy

75
Q

Hebrew economy

A

redistributive economy

76
Q

Hebrew religion

A

henotheism, ethical monotheism

77
Q

Hebrew gods/mankind

A

punishes and blesses humans

78
Q

Hebrew afterlife

A

Olam-Ha-Ba “a higher state of being”

79
Q

Hebrew societal organization

A

patriarchal, patrilineal

80
Q

Hebrew women

A

virtually no rights

81
Q

After Solomon’s death the monarchy

A

split into two kingdoms: Israel in the north and Judah in the south

82
Q

who destroyed Israel?

A

Assyrians

83
Q

who conquered Judah

A

Babylonians

84
Q

polis

A

an independent community of citizens inhabiting a city and the countryside around it

85
Q

Agora

A

central marketplace; and where they discussed politics

86
Q

The Polis had what kind of government

A

self-government (no monarchy)

87
Q

who did the Polis rely on

A

the Hoplites

88
Q

Athens government: chief magistrate

A

archons

89
Q

Athens government: voting body of citizens

A

assembly

90
Q

Athens government: chief legislative body

A

Areopagus; council of 400; council of 500

91
Q

Athens government: dispenser of justice (the courts)

A

Areopagus; Areopagus and the court of appeals; court system (includes Areopagus)

92
Q

Athens Aristocracy was “chosen”

A

through heredity

93
Q

Athens oligarchy was based on

A

wealthy (usually meant military)

94
Q

the Archons do not make

A

legislation

95
Q

the assembly is made up of

A

male citizens over the age of 18

96
Q

The Areopagus coucil is

A

a select body, limited to ex-archons, held great power because its members judged the most important cases–accusations against archons themselves.

97
Q

when the farmers borrowed money from the rich, what happened

A

the ended up in debt which forced them to give up their citizenship. Once they lost it, couldn’t get it back

98
Q

what was Solon’s way of reforming the Athenian government

A

he made a compromise and canceled private debts, which helped the poor but displeased the rich; and he decided not to redistribute land, which please the wealthy but disappointed the poor

99
Q

what was Solon’s property classes based on

A

wealth

100
Q

does this change how the Athenian government was

A

no

101
Q

council of 400

A

made legislation instead of Areopagus; chosen at random (lower two classes couldn’t afford to be there, mainly upper class)

102
Q

court of appeal

A

protect lower classes from abuse from the upper

103
Q

Cleisthenes tribes were based on

A

geography (called demes)

104
Q

council of 500

A

consisted of 50 men from each tribe, no repeats, at random. They set the agenda for the assembly

105
Q

Cleisethenic constitution excluded

A

womens and slaves

106
Q

ostracism

A

exclusion from a group/tribe (need 6000 votes)

107
Q

Sparta government: chief magistrate

A

ephors & kings

108
Q

Sparta government: voting body of citizens

A

Assembly (men 30+)

109
Q

Sparta government: chief legislative body

A

council of elders (28 men + 2 kings)

110
Q

Sparta government: dispenser of justice

A

council of elders & ephors

111
Q

Helots

A

slaves of Sparta; owned by the state; 3:1 compared to Spartan citizens

112
Q

Messenian wars

A

Sparta conquers an area, then enslave their population

113
Q

Greek world outlook

A

optomistic

114
Q

Greek natural barriers

A

surrounded by mountains and Mediterranean sea

115
Q

Greek water sources

A

scarce fresh water and rivers

116
Q

Greek government and politics (Athens)

A

democracy

117
Q

Greek government and politics (Sparta)

A

mixed constitution: democracy and oligarchy

118
Q

Greek economy

A

controlled market system (by state)

119
Q

Greek religion

A

polytheistic-anthropomorphic

120
Q

Greek gods/mankind

A

gods interacted with on daily basis

121
Q

Greek afterlife

A

Alesian Fields & Tarturus

122
Q

Greek societal organization

A

patriarchal

123
Q

Greek women

A

no rights

124
Q

what type of political leadership did Sparta have? what type of leaders were they?

A

dual monarchy (2 kings), most supreme generals of the military. If one had to leave, there was one there if the Helots revolted

125
Q

Council of Elders

A

men over 60; 28 men, 2 kings; make legislation-judicial system; elected by assembly through acclamation

126
Q

Ephors

A

5 men, 30+, in control of foreign policies; oversee Helot & Spartan populations; elected by acclamation of assembly; inspect babies

127
Q

Assembly

A

men over 30; voted on laws; men no longer in Agoge

128
Q

What was the Spartan Education program

A

Agoge (military education program to deal with the Helots; men age 7-30)

129
Q

what was the ultimate glory in Sparta

A

to die for Sparta in war

130
Q

What was the Peloponnesian League

A

consisted of all states for protection and security of Sparta (Sparta as leader) **everyone had to help Sparta, but Sparta didn’t have to go and help anyone else

131
Q

1st Persian War started with

A

the Ionian Revolt (late 5th century)

132
Q

King Darius I

A

King of Persia (late 5th-early 6th century)

133
Q

Battle at Marathon

A

Athens won (even though outnumbered)

134
Q

King Xerxes of Persia

A

didn’t like the Greeks because they embarrassed his father and his country

135
Q

Alcibiades

A

convinces Athens to help take down Sparta; got all their information, sold them out to Sparta

136
Q

Mutilation of the Hermes

A

chopped off all the penises and put them at the base of the statue of Athena

137
Q

Who won the battle over Sicily

A

Sparta (Athens nearly lose everything)

138
Q

Thirty Tyrants

A

got rid of democracy, became an oligarchy; 30 loyal Athenian men; period of cruelty and bloodshed

139
Q

Corinthian War

A

Sparta against everyone else; Sparta destroys them all (every battle, besides one, is won by Sparta)

140
Q

The liberation of Messenia

A

moved the Hellots right next door to Sparta

141
Q

worship of dianysus

A

religious festival; communal worship

142
Q

Socrates

A

original teacher of ethics

143
Q

Plato

A

Socrates’s student; wrote down his teachings; developed the first school of higher learning (The Academy)

144
Q

Aristotle

A

Plato’s student; founded the Lyceum

145
Q

hellenization

A

to make Greek

146
Q

Battle of Issus

A

40,000 Greeks against 100,000 Persians, Greeks win; Darius III flees, leaving the entire Persian treasury behind

147
Q

Battle of Egypt

A

no blood was shed because the Egyptians welcomed the Greeks to rule them

148
Q

how many cities of Alexandria were there

A

11 all together; used as trade out posts

149
Q

Battle of Gaugamela

A

Alexander fights Darius III again, he runs again, and Alexander chases him. When he finds him, he’s lying dead in the middle of the road.

150
Q

What causes confusion after Alexander’s death and what are some legacies of his reign?

A

they didn’t have anyone to take his place; fractured empire; split up between 4 generals; set model for future Greeks (cities); increased trade (Alexandria); military diversity; Koine Greek; helonized Hebrews

151
Q

what are some characteristics of the cosmopolitan ideologies?

A

(1) movement of people (2) expansion of trade (3) Greek influence on the Hebrews (adopt Christianity) (4)development of Koine Greek (5) going on vacation/tourism (6) women get more education (7) common currency standards

152
Q

Euclid

A

plane geometry (2D), focused on abstract

153
Q

Archimedes

A

solid geometry (3D), invented Pi

154
Q

Important people in Astronomy

A

(1) Aristarchus of Samos (1st half of 3rd century; rotational axis, heliocentric theory (Earth rotates around the sun)) (2) Hipparchus (late 2nd century; developed length of solar year; lunar month)

155
Q

main difference between pastoral poetry and epigrams

A

Pastoral poetry–much longer; about farm life

Epigram–short, sweet, rhymed (ended on tombstones)

156
Q

What do we get from New comedy

A

sitcoms, stock characters

Western Civ (1 decks)

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