Chapter 1-3 Flashcards
(56 cards)
What is chemistry?
the study of matter and the changes it undergoes
Define law
statement about a phenomenon that is always under the same condition
Define theory
explains body of facts and laws
Define Matter
anything occupying space and has mass
Define Substance
matter with constant composition & distinct properties
Define Mixture
combination of 2 or more substances & the substances maintain their identities
Define Element
substance that cannot be separated into simpler substances by chemical means
Define Compound
substance composed of 2 or more elements
3 states of matter?
solid, gas, and liquid
What is a physical property?
property that can be observed without changing the substance
What is a chemical property?
to observe, there must be chemical change
Difference between extensive and intensive properties?
extensive depends on how much matter. intensive does not.
Difference between macroscopic & microscopic properties?
Macroscopic can be measured directly. Microscopic can only be measured indirectly.
What is the atomic theory?
-elements are composed of atoms
-atoms of the same element are identical-
compounds are made from atoms from more than one element
-chemical reaction involves separation, combination, or rearrangement of atoms; not creation or destruction.
Name the 3 subatomic particles.
Neutrons, electrons, and protons
Define Radioactivity
the emission of ionizing radiation or particles caused by the spontaneous disintegration of atomic nuclei
3 types of radioactive waves and their charges
alpha-positive
beta-negative
gamma-no charge
How do you denote atomic # and mass #
M=mass # A=atomic # E=element
m
E
a
names for the isotopes of hydrogen
deuterium, tritium
Define Acid
substance that yields H+ ions when dissolved in water
how do you name a normal acid?
- take anion that ends with -ide
- add hydro prefix and -ic suffix
Define Oxoacid
Hydrogen + Oxygen + another element.
Carbonic acid
H2CO3
Phosphoric acid
H3PO4
