Chapter 1-3 Review

Question 1

Daltons 4 theory on atoms

Answer 1

1. Elements are composed of extremely small particles called atoms
2. All atoms of a give element are identical but atoms of another element are different
3. Atoms of an element are not changed into atoms of a different element by chemical rxns. Atoms are not created or destroyed
4. Compounds are formed when atoms of more than one element combine. A compound always has the same relative number and kind of atoms

Question 2

JJ Thompson

Answer 2

1897- credited with the discovery of electrons. Was able to discover a charge/mass ratio.

Question 3

Millikan

Answer 3

1909- oil drop experiment allowed him to determine charge on the electron.

Question 4

Radioactivity

Answer 4

Spontaneous emission of radiation by an atom

Question 5

3 types of radiation

Answer 5

Alpha-positive
Beta- negative
Gamma-neutral

Question 6

Rutherford

Answer 6

Discovered the nucleus via the gold foil experiment. Postulated a very small dense nucleus and most of the other volume of the atom is empty space.

Proteins discovered by Rutherford in 1919

Question 7

James Chadwick

Answer 7

Discovered neutrons in 1932

Question 8

Average mass

Answer 8

Mass divided by their relative abundance

Question 9

7 diatomic elements

Answer 9

H2 N2 O2 F2 Cl2 I2 Br2.

Question 10

Empirical vs molecular formula

Answer 10

Empirical is lowest whole number and molecular is exact number of each atom in a compound

Question 11

Inorganic nomenclature Rule 1

Answer 11

Metal with nonmetal- name the cation and change the last 3 letters to ide

NaCl is sodium chloride

Question 12

Inorganic nomenclature Rule #2

Answer 12

Transitional element with nonmetal- keeps Rule #1 but indicate charge with Roman numeral

Fe2O3 is Iron (III) Oxide

Oxygen has a -2 charge for a total of -6 so Fe must have +3 charge to make it +6

Question 13

Rule for hydrogen charge

Answer 13

H is +1 except when reacting with metals then it is a -1

Question 14

Inorganic Nomenclature Rule #3

Answer 14

Naming two nonmetal- keep Rule number 1 but use prefix

H2O. Is dihydrogen oxide

Question 15

Acid nomenclature

Answer 15

Must be in aqueous solution.

IDE becomes ic

HCL is hydrochloric acid

When three elements use middle one for naming.

Ite becomes ous
Ate becomes ic

HNO2. Is nitrous acid
HNO3 is nitric acid

Question 16

Mnemonic for ate polyatomic ions

Answer 16

NICK the BABY CAMEL ate an INCH CLAM and CREPES for SUPPER in PHOENIX

NO
Br
CO
IO
ClO
CrO
SO
PO

Question 17

Matter

Answer 17

Anything that has mass and takes up space

Question 18

Atoms are the

Answer 18

Building block of matter

Question 19

A compound is made of two or more different

Answer 19

Kinds of elements

Question 20

Intensive properties are

Answer 20

Independent of the amount

Question 21

Chromatography

Answer 21

Separates substances on the basis of difference in solubility

Question 22

Metric prefixes

Answer 22

15 people tickled Geckos moms knowing Donkeys Capped Mickey Mouse Near Paris! Fuck A 21Zebra!

Question 23

F to C

Answer 23

F= 9/5C +32

Question 24

Sig Fig Rules

Answer 24

All nonzero digits are significant

zeroes between two sig figs are sig

Zeroes at the beginning are Never sig

Zeroes at the end of a number are sig if a decimal point is written in the number

Question 25

Sig Fig Operations

Answer 25

Adding or subtracting-round to least sig decimal place Mult and Divide-least number of of dog dogs of any number used in calculating

Question 26

Accuracy

Answer 26

Close to true value

Question 27

Precision

Answer 27

Close to each other

Question 28

Mass spectrometer measures

Answer 28

Atomic and molecular mass

Question 29

5 groups of periodic table

Answer 29

``` 1A Alkali Metals 2A Alkaline Earth Metals 6A Chalcogens 7A Halogens 8A Noble Gases ```

Question 30

Structural formulas

Answer 30

Show the order in which atoms are bonded