Chapter 1

Question 1

Intentional teachers

Answer 1

Intentional teachers must observe, reflect, and apply their knowledge using a broad repertoire of effective teaching strategies

Question 2

Early childhood education

Answer 2

education and child care services from birth through age 8

Question 3

Professionals

Answer 3

members of an occupational group that make decisions based on a specialized body of knowledge, continue to learn throughout their careers, and are committed to meeting the needs of others

Question 4

NAEYC

Answer 4

National Association for the Education of Young Children - mission is to act on behalf of the needs, rights, and well-being of all young children from birth through age 8

Question 5

Child care center

Answer 5

Group program that provides care and education for young chil­dren during the hours that their parents are employed

Question 6

Family child care home

Answer 6

Child care in which care­ givers provide care in their own homes for a small group of children, often multi­age groups

Question 7

Preschool

Answer 7

Educational pro­grams serving 3­ and 4­ year­ olds delivered under various sponsorships

Question 8

Parent cooperative

Answer 8

Preschool program owned, operated, and partially staffed by parents

Question 9

Laboratory school

Answer 9

School operated by colleges and universities that usually serves children of students and faculty and also acts as a model of excellent education for student teachers

Question 10

Head Start Program Performance Standards

Answer 10

Na­tional standards that establish the level of quality of services provided by every Head Start program

Question 11

Structural quality

Answer 11

The quality of the relationships and inter­actions among teachers and children, and the appropriate­ness of the materials, learn­ing experiences, and teaching strategies occurring in an early childhood program

Question 12

Process quality

Answer 12

The quality of the relationships and inter­actions among teachers and children, and the appropriate­ness of the materials, learn­ing experiences, and teaching strategies occurring in an early childhood program

Question 13

Classroom Assessment Scoring System (ClASS)

Answer 13

Preschool and elementary classroom observational in­strument that assesses the quality of teachers’ relation­ships and interactions with children and the instructional strategies used to support children’s learning

Question 14

ECErS-r

Answer 14

Early Childhood Environment rating Scale - Observational instrument used to rate program quality on a 7­ point scale from inadequate to excellent

Question 15

Early learning standards

Answer 15

Describe what children should know and be able to do before entering kindergarten

Question 16

Accountability

Answer 16

The process of holding teachers, schools, or programs responsible for meeting a required level of performance

Question 17

Accreditation system

Answer 17

NAEYC’s voluntary system for identifying high-quality early childhood centers and schools serving children from birth through kindergarten

Question 18

Alignment

Answer 18

Coordination of the curriculum from one level of education to the next in order to build on what children have already learned and to ease transitions for students between schools and school levels.

Question 19

CCDBG

Answer 19

Child Care and Development Block Grants - Federal funds allocated to states for low-income working families to purchase child care

Question 20

Charter Schools

Answer 20

Independently operated, publicly funded schools that have grater flexibility than regular schools in meeting regulations and achieving goals.

Question 21

Child care licensing standards

Answer 21

Minimum requirements, legally established by each state, for a child care program to operate

Question 22

CDA

Answer 22

Child Development Associate credential - National competency-based credential for entry-level early childhood educators

Question 23

Common core standards

Answer 23

Rigorous national standards in English language arts and mathematics for k-12 developed by the Council of Chief State Officers (CCSSO) and the National Governor’s Association (NGA)

Question 24

Culture

Answer 24

The explicit and implicit values, beliefs, rules, and expectations for behavior of members of a group that are passed on from one generation to the next. These rules determine to a large extent what group members regard as important and what values shape their actions and judgements.

Question 25

D.A.P.

Answer 25

Developmentally appropriate practice - Ways of teaching that engage children’s interests and adapts for their age, experience, and ability, to help them meet challenging and achievable learning goals

Question 26

Dual language learners

Answer 26

Children who are learning to speak two languages at the same time - usually their home language and English

Question 27

Early childhood special education

Answer 27

Services for children with disabilities or special needs who meet eligibility guidelines that are determined on a state-by-state basis according to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act.

Question 28

Early Head Start

Answer 28

Federally funded program serving low-income pregnant mothers, infants, and toddlers that promotes healthy family functioning

Question 29

Early Intervention

Answer 29

Services for infants and toddlers who are at risk of developmental delay and their families

Question 30

ESEA

Answer 30

Elementary and Secondary Education Act - Law governing how the federal government distributes education funds to states and holds public schools accountable for the use of funding

Question 31

Head Start

Answer 31

Federally funded, national program that promotes school readiness by enhancing the social and cognitive development of children ages 3,4, and 5 through providing educational, health, nutritional, social, and other services to the nation’s poorest children and families

Question 32

Inclusion

Answer 32

Participation and services for children with disabilities and special needs in programs and settings where their typically developing peers are served

Question 33

IDEA

Answer 33

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act - Federal law governing provision of services for children with disabilities and special needs

Question 34

Kindergarten

Answer 34

Typically considered the first year of formal schooling; serves 5&6 year olds

Question 35

Prekindergarten

Answer 35

Educational program serving 3 & 4 year olds, usually in public schools

Question 36

Primary Grade

Answer 36

First, second, and third grade; sometimes includes kindergarten

Question 37

QRIS

Answer 37

Quality rating and improvement systems - State-operated systems that evaluate
and rate the quality of child care programs according to achievement of benchmarks beyond those required for minimal licensing, such as having more highly qualified teachers or better ratios.

Question 38

School readiness

Answer 38

Children’s competencies related to success in kindergarten, including
physical development, health, and well-being; social–emotional development and learning; cognitive development and general knowledge such as mathematics and science; positive approaches to learning such as curiosity and motivation; and language development and early literacy skills.

Question 39

Scientifically based instructional practices

Answer 39

Derives from research evidence about what kinds of learning outcomes relate to later achievement, and what types of teaching and learning experiences help children acquire those outcomes. Such a curriculum has been evaluated and its
effectiveness demonstrated.

Question 40

SES

Answer 40

Socioeconomic status - Family Income Level

Question 41

TANF

Answer 41

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families - Federally funded program, more
commonly known as Welfare to Work, that provides temporary financial aid but requires recipients to move into the labor force or schooling.

Question 42

Universal voluntary prekindergarten

Answer 42

Publicly funded preschool usually for 4-year-olds but

sometimes 3-year-olds; available to any family that chooses to use it.