Chapter 1

Question 1

biology

Answer 1

the science of life

Question 2

homeostasis

Answer 2

a process that allows organisms to maintain relatively constant internal conditions that are different from their environment

Question 3

atoms

Answer 3

the fundamental elements of matter

Question 4

molecules

Answer 4

atoms joined together into clusters

Question 5

organelles

Answer 5

complex biological molecules assembled into tiny structures

Question 6

cells

Answer 6

membrane bonded units

Question 7

population

Answer 7

same species located in the same area

Question 8

species

Answer 8

particular kind of organisms living together

Question 9

community

Answer 9

different populations living together

Question 10

ecosystem

Answer 10

the physical habitat a community lives in

Question 11

biosphere

Answer 11

the entire planet

Question 12

deductive reasoning

Answer 12

applies general principles to predict results

Question 13

hypothesis

Answer 13

a proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence

Question 14

experiment

Answer 14

testing hypothesis

Question 15

natural selection

Answer 15

the gradual process by which heritable biological traits become either more or less common in a population

Question 16

artificial selection

Answer 16

selective breeding

Question 17

cell theory

Answer 17

foundation of understanding the reproduction and growth of all organisms

Question 18

organs

Answer 18

are body structures composed of several different tissues acting as a structural and functional unit

Question 19

organ system

Answer 19

group of organs working together for one purpose

Question 20

macromolecule

Answer 20

a large molecule commonly created by polymerization of smaller subunits

Question 21

conclusion

Answer 21

the result

Question 22

dependent variable

Answer 22

what is measured and affected in an experiment

Question 23

bacteria

Answer 23

microscopic living organisms, usually one-celled, that can be found everywhere

Question 24

organism

Answer 24

an individual animal, plant, or single-celled life form

Question 25

objective

Answer 25

a goal

Question 26

publish

Answer 26

to prepare and issue

Question 27

Charles Darwin

Answer 27

the English naturalist who developed the theory of evolution by natural selection. As a young man he spent five years on a British ship, HMS Beagle, visiting coasts and islands in the southern part of the world

Question 28

evolution

Answer 28

the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms

Question 29

analoguous

Answer 29

performing a similar function but having a different evolutionary origin, such as the wings of insects and birds

Question 30

archaea

Answer 30

a group of microorganisms that resemble bacteria but are different from them in certain aspects of their chemical structure

Question 31

data

Answer 31

facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis

Question 32

control variable

Answer 32

something that is constant and unchanged

Question 33

independent variable

Answer 33

a variable whose variation does not depend on that of another.

Question 34

Alfred Russel Wallace

Answer 34

English naturalist who formulated a concept of evolution that resembled Charles Darwin's

Question 35

geometric progression

Answer 35

a progression of numbers with a constant ratio between each number and the one before

Question 36

homologous

Answer 36

similar in position, structure, and evolutionary origin but not necessarily in function

Question 37

eukaryote

Answer 37

an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct nucleus

Question 38

tissue

Answer 38

any of the distinct types of material of which animals or plants are made, consisting of specialized cells and their products

Question 39

observation

Answer 39

a remark, statement, or comment based on something one has seen, heard, or noticed

Question 40

Thomas Malthus

Answer 40

an English economist who argued that increases in population would outgrow increases in the means of subsistence

Question 41

arithmetic progression

Answer 41

a sequence of numbers such that the difference of any two successive members of the sequence is a constant

Question 42

homeodomain fold

Answer 42

a protein structural domain that binds DNA or RNA and is thus commonly found in transcription factors

Question 43

inductive reasoning

Answer 43

seeking strong evidence that supports the conclusion

Question 44

scientific theory

Answer 44

a series of statements about the causal elements for observed phenomena

Question 45

scientific law

Answer 45

a statement based on repeated experimental observations that describes some aspects of the universe