Chapter 1

Question 0

Structuralism

Answer 0

Early school of though promoted my Wundt and Titchener; used introspective to reveal the structure of the human mind

Question 1

Empiricism

Answer 1

The view that knowledge originate in experience and that science should, therefore, rely on observation and experimentation

Question 2

Functionalism

Answer 2

Early school of thought promoted by James and influenced by Darwin; explored how mental and behavioral processes function - how they enable the organism to adapt, survive, and flourish

Question 3

Experimental philosophy

Answer 3

The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method

Question 4

Behaviorism

Answer 4

The view that psychology (1) should be an objective science that (2) studies behavior without references to mental processes. Most research psychologists today agree with (1) but not with (2)

Question 5

Humanistic psychology

Answer 5

A historically significant perspective that emphasized the growth potential of healthy people.

Question 6

Cognitive neuroscience

Answer 6

The interdisciplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition (including perception, thinking, memory, and language)

Question 7

Psychology

Answer 7

The science of behavior and mental processes

Question 8

Nature-nurture issue

Answer 8

The longstanding controversy over the relative contributions that genes and experience make to the development of psychological traits and behaviors

Question 9

Natural selection

Answer 9

The principle that, among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations

Question 10

Levels of analysis

Answer 10

The differing complementary views, from biological to psychological to socio-cultural, for analyzing any given phenomenon

Question 11

Biopsychosocial approach

Answer 11

an integrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis

Question 12

Behavioral psychological

Answer 12

The scientific study of observable behavior, and it’s explanation by principles of learning

Question 13

Biological psychology

Answer 13

the scientific study of the links between biological (genetic, neural, hormonal) and psychological processes

Question 14

Cognitive psychology

Answer 14

The scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating

Question 15

Evolutionary psychology

Answer 15

The study of the evolution of behavior and mind, using principles of natural selection

Question 16

Psychodynamic psychology

Answer 16

A branch of psychology that studies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders

Question 17

Social-cultural psychology

Answer 17

The study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking

Question 18

Psychometrics

Answer 18

The scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits

Question 19

Basic research

Answer 19

Pure science that aims rink crease the scientific knowledge base

Question 20

Developmental psychology

Answer 20

A branch of psychology that studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span

Question 21

Educational psychology

Answer 21

The study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning

Question 22

Personality psychology

Answer 22

The study of an individual’s characteristics pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting

Question 23

Social psychology

Answer 23

The scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another

Question 24

Applied research

Answer 24

Scientific study that aims to solve practical problems

Question 25

Industrial-organizational (I/O) psychology

Answer 25

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

Question 26

Human factors psychology

Answer 26

An I/O psychology sundials that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

Question 27

Counseling psychology

Answer 27

A branch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being

Question 28

Clinical psychology

Answer 28

A branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders

Question 29

Psychiatry

Answer 29

A branch of medicine dealing with psychological disorders; practiced by physicians who sometimes provide medical (for example, drug) treatments as well as psychological therapy

Question 30

Positive psychology

Answer 30

The scientific study of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strength and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive

Question 31

Community psychology

Answer 31

A branch of psychology that studies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups

Question 32

Testing effect

Answer 32

Enhancing memory after retrieving, rather than simply rereading information

Question 33

SQ3R

Answer 33

A study method incorporating five steps: Survey, Question, Read, Retrieve, Review