Chapter 1

Question 1

what are the 3 immunological defenses?
characteristics of the 3?

Answer 1

epithelial/mucosal, adaptive, and innate
innate is the same and adaptive is changing and evolving, includes memory

Question 2

which T cells help make antibodies?
which t cells make memory T lymphocytes?

Answer 2

helper T. they also make memory T lymphocytes

Question 3

what is the cell marker for helper T?
for cytotoxic T lymphocytes?

Answer 3

CD3 for both
CD4 for helper
CD8 for killer

Question 4

define the following:

specificity
diversity
memory
clonal expansion
specialization
contraction and homeostasis
nonreactive to self

Question 5

compare and contrast effector/ outcome of the following based on location of pathogen.
humoral immunity
CD4
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes
regulatory T cells
challenge, recognition, response, outcome

Answer 5

CTL eliminate intracellular pathogens like viruses
CD4 eliminate phagocytosed bacteria- activate macrophages, activate B and T cells
antibodies bind the infection and eliminate extracellular microbes- use c. omplmenet, opsonization,

regulatory actually suprresses the immune response
natural kiler cells kill.

Question 6

chemokine vs cytokine vs Interleuckin
and nomenclature
what is TNF,TGF, IFN?

Answer 6

cytokine is communicating during effoctor
chemokine is trafficking, and movement
interluekin is for growth and differentiation

TGF, TNF, IFN are interleuckins/ cytokines

Question 7

what is time frame for innate vs adaptive?

Answer 7

innate is hours 0-12
adaptive is 1-3 days for B and T lymphcotes and then
day 3-5 is the effector of helper/CTL or antibodies.

Question 8

B cell vs T cell zones?
how is this mediated to keep them sseparate?
what are their receptors

Answer 8

B cell are in the periphery/cortex and
T cells in the center/ paracortex/parafollicular
“T time is center of the day”

chemoattractants specific for Naive B cell CXCR5 receptor and naiive T cel CCR7 receptor keep them separate.

Question 9

CCR7
CXCR5