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Older Adult > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

holistic improvement of health including physical, medical, emotional and spiritual well being

A

gerontology

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2
Q

what is the nursing goal of gerontology

A

live longer and live better

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3
Q

young-old

A

ages 65-74

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4
Q

middle-old

A

ages 75-84

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5
Q

old-old

A

ages 85+

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6
Q

changes in lungs

A

maximum breathing capacity may decline by 40% between ages 40-70

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7
Q

primary prevention/health promotion

A

educate about health lifestyle, injury prevention, nutritional assessment, avoid tobacco, moderate alcohol, limit carcinogens

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8
Q

secondary prevention AKA

A

early dx & tx

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9
Q

examples of secondary prevention

A

screening & assessment, referrals for further testing, disease cure and tx to prevent progression

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10
Q

tertiary prevention AKA

A

restoration & rehab

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11
Q

examples of tertiary prevention

A

multidisciplinary rehab, short-term placement in rehab facility, aids/services to increase independence (walker, cane, home health aid)

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12
Q

do men or women live longer

A

women

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13
Q

are men or women more likely to be widowed

A

women

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14
Q

do more women or more men live in poverty

A

women

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15
Q

why do women live longer

A

men are exposed to more risk factors (tobacco, alcohol, occupational hazards)

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16
Q

2 highest causes of death

A

heart disease & malignant neoplasms

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17
Q

what causes more than 2/3 of all deaths each year (5)

A

heart disease, cancer, stroke, COPD, diabetes

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18
Q

being old means being sick, older people are set in their ways/cannot learn new things, health is wasted on older people, older adults do not pull their own weight and are a drain on societal resources, older people are isolated & lonely, older people have no interest in sex

A

myths of aging

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19
Q

a range of nursing functions that are differentiated according to the level of practice, the role of the nurse, and the work setting

A

ANA scope of practice

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20
Q

purpose of the scope/standards of practice

A

evaluate and guide practice

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21
Q

the 3 elements of the scope of practice

A

quality, safety, evidence

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22
Q

the formal process by which clinical competence is validated in a specialty area of practice

A

certification

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23
Q

advanced practice nurses have what degree

A

master’s

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24
Q

the nurse should use what when establishing goals of care

A

measurable verbs

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25
medicaid supports who
low income individuals
26
medicaid is based off of what
financial income and number of people living in home
27
medicare supports who
the elderly and younger people with disabilities
28
part A medicare covers
hospitalizations & hospice
29
part B medicare covers
office visits, labs, durable equipment
30
part D medicare covers
prescriptions
31
a multidimensional pattern of self-initiated actions and perceptions that serve to maintain or enhance the level of wellness, self-actualization and fulfillment of the individual
health promotion
32
variables affecting holistic geriatric assessment
- evaluation of environment - accuracy of health hx - social hx - psychological hx - home environment - culture & education
33
what method of pain mgmt should be used first
least invasive
34
what to do if pt experiences breakthrough pain
notify provider
35
nonopioid analgesics
NSAIDS, acetaminophen, tramadol
36
doses of acetaminophen should not exceed
3000 mg per day
37
NSAIDS
aspirin & ibuprofen
38
cox-2 inhibitors are a class of what
NSAIDs
39
cox-2 inhibitors are associated with what
adverse CV events
40
opioid analgesics
morphine, fentanyl
41
how long does it take for fentanyl patch to work
24-36 hours
42
opioid analgesics that are not used
meperidine and propoxyphene
43
constipation, sedation, respiratory depression, N/V, myoclonus, pruritis all examples of what
adverse effects of pain meds
44
sedation should subside in how long
24-48 hours
45
ways to tell if someone with dementia is in pain
facial expression, verbalization/vocalization, body movements, changes in interactions, changes in activity/routines, mental status changes
46
ARMD
age related macular degeneration
47
leading cause of blindness in adults >65
ARMD
48
affects central vision
scotoma (ARMD)
49
require more light
ARMD and cataracts
50
dark spot in center of visual field
ARMD
51
tx for ARMD
laser therapy, injections, dietary changes
52
age above 50, ciggs, family hx, increased exposure to UV lights, caucasian, light colored eyes, HTN, CV disease, lack of dietary intake of antioxidants and zinc
risk factors for ARMD
53
lack of intake of antioxidants and zinc
risk factor for ARMD
54
having light colored eyes and being caucasian puts you at a higher risk for what
ARMD
55
opacities of the lens of the eye
cataracts
56
a decrease in light filtration and vision causing blurry vision and halos
cataracts
57
halos are seen in what
cataracts
58
difficulty contrasting colors
cataracts
59
increased age, smoking & alcohol, obesity, diabetes, HTN, high cholesterol, trauma to the eye, previous eye surgery, exposure to the sun, long term corticosteroid use, caucasian
risk factors for cataracts
60
long term corticosteroid use may lead to what
cataracts
61
tx of cataracts
surgery
62
encourage what in cataract pt
antioxidants, vitamins E & C
63
optic nerve damage secondary to increased IOP
glaucoma
64
increased IOP, older than 60, family hx, personal history of myopia, diabetes, HTN, migraines, AA
risk factors for glaucoma
65
tx of glaucoma
meds to decrease IOP, laser surgery
66
teach these pts how to administer eyedrops properly
glaucoma pts
67
damage to ocular microvascular system
diabetic retinopathy
68
prevention of diabetic retinopathy
monitor glucose, BP, cholesterol; educate about diabetes, nutrition, and exercise
69
tx of diabetic retinopathy
laser therapy
70
hypogeusia
diminished sense of taste
71
xerostomia
dryness of the mouth, distorts taste sensation
72
assess for taste disturbances
mucous membranes (dryness, ulcers, yeast), teeth/dentures (fit), foods they enjoy
73
how to prevent dry mouth
sugar free candy, mints, gum, oral lubricants, encourage fluids
74
conductive hearing loss
r/t problem in the middle or external ear, tympanic membrane, or bones in the ear
75
conductive hearing loss can be result of
ear infection, impacted cerumen, benign tumor, FB, perforation of TM
76
sensorineural hearing loss
problems within the inner ear
77
sensorineural hearing loss can be result of
damage to ear drum due to excessive noise, tumors, and infections
78
hyposmia
diminished sense of smell caused by a reduced number of sensory cells & neurotransmitters/injury to mucosa
79
is a dysfunction in taste or smell more common
smell
80
9 D's of wt loss
dementia, depression, disease, dysfunction, dysphagia, dentition problems, diarrhea, drugs, dysgeusia
81
failure to thrive is AKA
cachexia
82
unintentional wt loss is defined as
5% wt loss in 1 month of 10% in 6 months
83
3 categories of wt loss
insufficient intake, iatrogenic practices (from meds, NPO, certain diets), nutrient losses (during absorption or metabolism, fever, alcohol)
84
SENSE pneumonic
S: safety maintained at all times E: environment allows for independence N: nursing process used S: stigmas can be dangerous, treat pts as individuals w/ unique needs E: etiology of a condition that the elder believes is normal may be detected during assessment

Older Adult (1 decks)

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