Chapter 1 - 4 Flashcards by Edmarson Tina

what is the fluorescent material that glowed during roentgen experiment?

Barium platinocyanide

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Who and when the first fatality of X-ray

Clarence Dally and died in 1994

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Newton law of motion when body remain at rest or continue to move with constant velocity in straight line unless it moved

First law: Inertia

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Newton law of motion: for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction

Third Law: Action and Reaction

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Newton law of motion when a force that applied to move an object is equal to the mass of the object multiplied by the acceleration

Second Law: Force

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transfer of heat through material or by touching

Conduction

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mechanical transfer of hot molecules in a gas or liquid

Convection

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is the transfer of heat by the emission of infrared radiation

Thermal Radiation

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smallest particle that has all the properties of an element?

Atom

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what are the three fundamental elements of atom

Electron, Proton, and Neutron

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The electric charge of an atom when in their normal state is?

Zero

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No outer shell can contain more than _______ Electron

Eight

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force that keeps an electron in the orbit

Centripetal Force or Center seeking

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maintain their distance from nucleus while traveling in a circular path

Centrifugal force or Flying out from the Center force

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strength of attachment of an electron to the nucleus

Electron binding force

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the closer the an electron to the nucleus the more _______ it becomes

tighter

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elements that same atomic number / different atomic mass number

Isotopes

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Elements that have different atomic number / same atomic mass Number

Isobar

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Elements that have different elements, different atomic number & mass number but have same number of neutrons.

Isotone

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same atomic number / same mass number

Isomer

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Atoms of various elements may combine to form

Molecules

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Oxygen and hydrogen combine into water through?

Covalent bonds (Characterise by sharing of electron to form a electron pairs between atom)

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Sodium and chlorine combine into salt through?

Ionic bonds or electrovalent bonds (formed between two or more atoms by the transfer of one or more electrons between atoms)

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The smallest particle of a compound is?

Molecules

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Some atoms exist in an abnormally excited state characterized by an unstable nucleus. to reach it stability, the nucleus spontaneously emits particle and energy transforms itself into another atom

Radioactive disintegration or Radioactive decay

The small particle of an element?

Atom

Radioactivity is the spontaneous emission of particles and energy in order to become _______

Stable

An unstable form of a chemical element that releases radiation as it breaks down and becomes more stable

Radioisotopes

x-ray and gamma rays are often called _________ have no mass and no charge

Photon

energy that comes from the electron cloud

X-ray

Energy that comes from nucleus

Gamma ray

Who is the first patient to experience the application of medical x-ray? What anatomical part did they examine? Why?

- Eddie McCarthy of Hanover - broke his wrist while skating on the connecticut River

uninterrupted ordered sequence

continuum

who showed that that visible light has both electric and magnetic properties and when?

James Clark Maxwell in late 19th century

one-half the range from crest(top waves) to valley(bottom waves) over which the sine wave varies.

Amplitude

- equal to the number of crest or number of valleys - number of wavelengths that pass a point of observation per seconds

Frequency

distance of one crest to another, from one valley to another

Wavelength (lambda)

the more frequency the ______ the wavelength

shorter

what are the three wave parameters that needed to describe the EM energy

Velocity, Wavelength, and Frequency

3 regions most important to radiologic science

visible light / x-ray / gamma radiation

Diagnostic Ultrasound is not part of the electromagnetic spectrum. True or false?

True

Not a white light but color of the rainbow when the sunlight passes through prism

Visible light

Travel at the straight line but can be deviated when they pass from one transparent medium to another

Refraction

Reducing in intensity that results from scattering and absorption

Attenuation

Passing through an object without changing of energy

Transparent

Scattered or reduced intensity when passing through an object

Translucent

No light can pass through ex: Black glass

Opaque

X-ray created at the speed of light or does not exist at all. True or false

True

The energy of photon is directly proportional to its frequency True or False

True - More energy = more frequency

study of stationary electric charge

Electrostatic

Electron and protons are the smallest unit of electric charge True or False

True

Unit of electric potential

Volt (V)

study of electric charges in motion

Electrodynamics

- Any substance through which electrons flow easily - has a variable resistance

Conductor

- Any material that does not allow electron flow - Extreme high resistance - necessary for high voltages

Insulator

is a material that some condition behaves as an insulator and in other behaves as a conductor

Semiconductor

- No resistance below a critical temperature - No electric potential

Superconductivity

2 types of Electric circuits

Series circuit / parallel circuit

- all circuit elements are connected in a line along the same conductor - connected end to end to form a dingle path for current

Series Circuit

Electron can be made to flow in one direction along the condctor

Direct Current

Contains elements that are connected at their end rather than lying in a linr along conductor

Parallel circuit

- Current in which electrons oscillate back and forth - electron that flow alternately in opposite direction constitute

Alternating current

small magnet created by the electron orbit

Magnetic pole

ability of a material attract the lines of magnetic field intensity

Magnetic permeability

3 principles of magnet

- naturally occurring magnet - artificial magnet induced permanent magnet - Electromagnets

- Materials are weakly repelled by magnetic pole - Cannot be artificially magnetized, and they are not attracted to a magnet

Diamagnetic

Materials are unaffected to magnet ex: wood & glass

Nonmagnetic

- strongly attracted by a magnet and usually can be permanently magnetized by exposure to magnetic field

Ferromagnetic

- Slightly attracted yo a magnet and are loosely influenced by an external magnetic field - between ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic

Paramagnetic

the degree to which material can be magnetized

magnetic susceptibility

Si Unit of magnetic field strength

Tesla