Chapter 1-4

Question 1

What structure generates ATP by oxidative phosphorylation?

Answer 1

The Mitochondria

Question 2

This structure synthesizes proteins, what is it?

Answer 2

Ribsomes

Question 3

This structure processes and packages proteins for delivery, what is it?

Answer 3

Golgi apparatus

Question 4

This structure serves as a repository of genetic information it is the ……

Answer 4

Nucleus

Question 5

This structure synthesizes steroid hormones and folds proteins , it is the ….

Answer 5

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

this structure delivers proteins that are secreted to their destinations : it is a secretory…

Answer 6

vesicle

Question 7

This structure contains digestive enzymes it is a ?

Answer 7

lysosome

Question 8

This structure synthesizes ribosomes, it is the

Answer 8

nucleolus

Question 9

What is the difference between a Eukaryote and a prokaryote?

Answer 9

A eukaryote has numerous organelles and a membrane surrounding it’s nucleus, but a prokaryote does not have organelles and its genetic materials do not contain a nucleus

Question 10

What is the difference between the nucleus and the nucleolus?

Answer 10

The nucleolus is a small dense structure within the nucleus

Question 11

What is the difference between microtubules and microfilaments?

Answer 11

Microtubules are small, single , rigid, unbranched protein tubes, but microfilaments are smaller more flexible fibrils of actin that usually occur in bundles. they both belong to the cytoskeleton.

Question 12

What is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic?

Answer 12

a hydrophilic substance attracts water, but a hydrophobic substance repels it.

Question 13

What is the difference between a lysosome and a peroxisome?

Answer 13

lysosomes and peroxisomes contain different enzymes. lysosomes contain digestive enzymes that break down molecules to their component parts. Peroxisomes contain oxidative enzymes that are important in producing hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species

Question 14

Proteins in the nucleus that bind DNA and help regulate its activity are called?

Answer 14

Histones

Question 15

Cells such as neutrophils that use hydrogen peroxide as a defensive weapon synthesize it in their?

Answer 15

peroxisomes

Question 16

a section of a membrane that is rich in cholesterol and helps organize membrane proteins is called a lipid ?

Answer 16

Raft

Question 17

The cells that secrete the extracellular matrix are called ?

Answer 17

Fibroblast

Question 18

The mechanical force of water pushing against the cellular membrane is called ?

Answer 18

hydrostatic pressure

Question 19

An ________ solution has the same osmolality as normal body fluids

Answer 19

Isotonic

Question 20

In a simple epithelium, the epithelial cells are in contact with a ______membrane that provides support.

Answer 20

Basement

Question 21

_______Tissue is characterized by only a few cells surrounded by a lot of extracellular matrix.

Answer 21

Connective

Question 22

A myocyte is a _______ cell.

Answer 22

Muscle

Question 23

Name the order of events that occur during a neuronal action potential

Answer 23

sodium permeability increases
sodium ions move into the cell
potassium permeability increases
potassium ions leave the cell
resting membrane potential is reestablished.

Question 24

What are the phases of the normal cell cycle beginning with the phase that precedes DNA synthesis ?

Answer 24

G1 Phase
S phase
G2 phase
M phase

Question 25

The main difference between cells that divide rapidly and those that divide slowly is the time they spend in the _______ phase of the cell cycle

Answer 25

G1

Question 26

Cells develop specialized functions through the process of?

Answer 26

Differentiation

Question 27

A particle that is dissolved is called a ?

Answer 27

Solute

Question 28

Mitochondria need a lot of ______ to function normally

Answer 28

Oxygen

Question 29

During osmosis, ________ move across the cell membrane

Answer 29

Water Molecules

Question 30

__________ signals act on nearby cells by _____ through interstitial fluid.

Answer 30

Paracrine Diffusion

Question 31

A cell that has insufficient oxygen supply will not be able to perform the chemistry of _________

Answer 31

The Krebs cycle

Question 32

______________can move substances against their concentration gradients

Answer 32

Active Transport

Question 33

Receptors are ______ that bind specific small molecules

Answer 33

Proteins

Question 34

ER stress occurs when unfolded or misfolded ______ accumulate in the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 34

proteins

Question 35

What is a Ligand

Answer 35

Ligand is a substance that binds to a receptor

Question 36

What is a Caveolae

Answer 36

Tiny flask shaped pits in the outer surface of the plasma membrane that may be important locations for receptors or for entry of molecules into the cell

Question 37

Mechanotransduction definition

Answer 37

Translating mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals

Question 38

Amphipathic Molecule

Answer 38

A molecule that has both a hydrophobic part and a hydrophilic part

Question 39

Endocytosis

Answer 39

In folding of the plasma membrane to form a vesicle that enters the cell