chapter 1-4

Question 1

what did benjamin spock teach?

Answer 1

no excessive demands on children

Question 2

what did John b Watson teach?

Answer 2

Rigid feeding and toilet training schedules.

Question 3

who said rigidity ensures that children will become emotionally “hard”

Answer 3

John B watson

Question 4

study of genetic contributions to behavior or traits

Answer 4

behavior genetics

Question 5

affects a broad range of behaviors

Answer 5

heredity

Question 6

context in which each child develops

Answer 6

ecology

Question 7

scientist that talks abiut ecology

Answer 7

Urie bronfenbrenner

Question 8

world is made up of independent people whose achievements and responsibilities are individual not collective

Answer 8

individualism

Question 9

emphasis on group identity, sharing, and group decision- making

Answer 9

collectivism

Question 10

behavior is governed by unconscious as well as conscious processes.

Answer 10

pyschoanalytic theories

Question 11

scientist that talks about pyschosexual stages

Answer 11

sigmund freud

Question 12

talks about psychosocial stages

Answer 12

eric erikson

Question 13

talks about how nature of the human organism is to adapt to its environment

Answer 13

jean piaget

Question 14

talks about complex forms of thinking have their origins in social interactions

Answer 14

lev vygotsky

Question 15

talks about classical conditioning

Answer 15

Ivan pavlov

Question 16

process in which teachers model or demonstrate how to solve a problem

Answer 16

scaffolding

Question 17

a learning process that occurs through associations between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus

Answer 17

classical conditioning

Question 18

discovered social cognitive theory

Answer 18

Albert Bandura

Question 19

observational learning or modeling

Answer 19

social cognitive theory

Question 20

extensive study of one culture based on observation

Answer 20

ethnography

Question 21

protection of animal rights and human subjects

Answer 21

research ethics

Question 22

5 rules of research ethics

Answer 22

1. protection from harm
2. informed consent
3. confidentially
4. knowledge of results
5. protection from deception

Question 23

when a ovum and sperm connect what do they make?

Answer 23

a zygote

Question 24

process of making a zygote

Answer 24

conception

Question 25

how many pairs of chromosomes are there

Answer 25

23

Question 26

what are ovums and sperms known as?

Answer 26

gametes

Question 27

human chromosome that has the most problems

Answer 27

Human chromosome #20

Question 28

toxins like smoking, alchol, heroine and marjuana

Answer 28

teratogens

Question 29

when the two sets of instructions are the same at any given locus

Answer 29

homozygous pair

Question 30

when the two sets of instructions are different at any given locus

Answer 30

heterozygous pair

Question 31

many genes blend together to increase

Answer 31

polygenic inheritance

Question 32

expression of traits that are influenced by both genes and environment

Answer 32

multifactorial patterns

Question 33

some genes are biochemically marked at the time ova and sperm develop

Answer 33

genomic imprinting

Question 34

genes passed only from mother to child

Answer 34

mitochondrial inheritance

Question 35

stages of prenatal development

Answer 35

germinal stage - embryonic stage - fetal stage

Question 36

the germinal stage is the

Answer 36

migration of the zygote

Question 37

embryonic stage is when

Answer 37

the foundation of all body orgabs are formed and all major organs and systems begin ti develop

Question 38

the fetus stage is

Answer 38

the refinement of all organ systems and age of viability

Question 39

rapid development of neurons between the 10th and 18th week of destation

Answer 39

neuronal proliferation

Question 40

the movement of neurons to specialized regions of the brain

Answer 40

neuronal migration

Question 41

diferences in prenatal development for boys and girls

Answer 41

girls slightly faster skeletal development | boys are slightly heavier and longer at birth and are more vulnerable to prenatal problems

Question 42

causes mild to severe intellectual disability

Answer 42

fragile X syndrome

Question 43

viral disease that has symptoms like mild measles

Answer 43

rubella

Question 44

substances that cause damage to embryo

Answer 44

teratogens

Question 45

the three stages of birth

Answer 45

1. Dilation and effacement 2. birth of the baby 3. delivery of the placenta and umbilical cord (afterbirth)

Question 46

cesarean section is

Answer 46

a c section and a wat to deliver a child by cutting through the wall of the mother's abdomen

Question 47

optimal birthweight is

Answer 47

6.6 to 11 pounds

Question 48

regulates breathing, heart and blood vessel function, digestion, sneezing and swallowing.

Answer 48

medulla

Question 49

portion of the central nervous system associated with vision hearing motor control sleep wake arousal and temperature regulation

Answer 49

midbrain

Question 50

reflex when a child feels its falling

Answer 50

moro reflex

Question 51

when the baby close its fingers and toes when touched

Answer 51

babinski reflex

Question 52

sleeping with the child

Answer 52

cosleeping

Question 53

uncontrollable crying last for more than 3 hours per day disappears at 3-4 months

Answer 53

colic

Question 54

development proceeds from head to toe

Answer 54

cephalocaudal

Question 55

development proceeds from trunk out towards the fingers

Answer 55

proximodistal

Question 56

baby organizes experiences into expectancies

Answer 56

schematic learning

Question 57

built up over many exposures to particular experiences

Answer 57

schemas

Question 58

inborn predisposition that form foundations of personality

Answer 58

temperament

Question 59

superior nutritionally

Answer 59

breast feeding

Question 60

death of a seemingly healthy baby in its sleep, due to an apparent spontaneous cessation of breathing

Answer 60

sudden infant death syndrome (sids)

Question 61

process of coating the axon of each neruon with a fatty coating called myelin

Answer 61

myellination

Question 62

fatty coating that protects the neuron and helps it conduct signals more efficiently

Answer 62

myelin

Question 63

two halves of the human brain are not exactly alike

Answer 63

lateralization

Question 64

ability to identify and act on relationships of objects in space

Answer 64

spatial perception

Question 65

ability to infer rules from and make predictions about the movements of objects in space

Answer 65

spatial cognition

Question 66

relating to the interrelation of social factors and individual thought and behavior

Answer 66

psychosocial

Question 67

relation of organisms to one another and their surroundings

Answer 67

ecology

Question 68

passing of physicla or mental characteristics genetically from generation to another

Answer 68

heredity