Chapter 1

Question 1

Biology

Answer 1

Study of life/living things

Question 2

six kingdoms of organisms

Answer 2

Archaea, bacteria, protista, fungi, plantea, and animalia

Question 3

Archaea

Answer 3

Kingdom of prokaryotes includes this methanogen, which manufactures methane.
(simple cells that do not have nuclei)

Question 4

Bacteria

Answer 4

This group is the second of the two prokaryotic kingdoms.

Question 5

Two kingdoms that belong to prokaryotes groups

Answer 5

Archaea and bacteria

Question 6

Protista

Answer 6

Include most of the unicellular eukaryotes as well as multicellular algea
Whose cells contain a nucleus

Question 7

Fungi

Answer 7

Contains nonphotosynthetic organisms, mostly multicellular

**These kingdoms digest their food externally such as mushrooms

Question 8

Plantea

Answer 8

Contains photosynthetic multicellular organisms that are primarily terrestrial, such as flowering plants

Question 9

Animalia

Answer 9

nonphotosynthetic multicellular organisms that digest their food internally such as a mountain goat

Question 10

different ways to study the diversity of life

Answer 10

Live with gorillas, collect fossils, listen to whales, etc…, isolate bacteria, grow mushrooms and examine the structure of fruit flies, read messages encoded in the long molecules of heredity

Question 11

Note***

Answer 11

the living world is very diverse, but all organisms share key properties. However each kingdom is profoundly different

Question 12

Note***

Answer 12

All living things posses cells that carry out metabolism, mantain stable internal conditions, reproduce, and use dna to transmit hereditary informationto offspring

Question 13

Five basic properties that are shared by living things

Answer 13

Cellular orgainzations
Metabolism
homeostasis
Growth and reproduction
Heredity

Question 14

Cellular organization

Answer 14

all living things are composed of one or more cells

Question 15

Membrane

Answer 15

A tiny compartment with a thin covering

Question 16

Note***

Answer 16

Some cells have simple interiors, while others are complexly organized, but ALL are able to grow and reproduce

Question 17

Note***

Answer 17

A human body can contain 10-100 trillion cells

Question 18

Metabolism

Answer 18

The transfer of energy from one form to another in cells. All living things use energy, captured from sunlight by plants, algae, and certain bacteria through photosynthesis. to get energy that powers our lives, we extract it from plants or from animals that eat plants or that eat plant-eating animals

Question 19

Notes* ex

Answer 19

A kingfisher bird obtains the the energy it needs to move, grow, and carry out its body processes by eating fish that eat algae. The bird metabolizes this food using chemical processes that occur within cells

Question 20

ATP

Answer 20

GET INFO

Question 21

Homeostasis

Answer 21

All living things maintain stable internal conditions so that their complex processes can be better coordinated

Question 22

Note** Homeostasis

Answer 22

Your body will try to maintain an internal temperature of around 37C/98.6F reguardless of how hot or cold the weather may be

Question 23

Growth and reproduction

Answer 23

All living things grow and reproduce. Bacteria will split into two as it increases in size approx every 15 minutes. More complex organisms grow by increasing the number of cells and reproduce sexually by producing gametes that combine giving rise to offspring

Question 24

Note***

Answer 24

The Bristlecone pine of california have reproduced after 4.600 years by increasing the number of cells and reproducing via gametes

Question 25

Heredity

Answer 25

All organism posses a genetic system that is based on a long molecule called DNA The info that determines what an individual organism will be like is contained in a code that is dictated by the order of the subunits making up the DNA molecules

Question 26

Gene

Answer 26

Each set of instructions within the DNA

Question 27

DNA

Answer 27

Deoxyribonucleic Acid--a long molecule that includes the genetic system GET INFO

Question 28

Hierarchy of increasing complexity | Complexity of life at three levels

Answer 28

Cellular level Organismal level Populational level

Question 29

Cellular level from smallest to largest

Answer 29

``` Atoms Molecules Macromolecules organelles cells ```

Question 30

Atoms

Answer 30

The fundmental elements of matter | ie: hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen

Question 31

Molecules

Answer 31

Atoms that are joined together into complex clusters | ie: Adenine

Question 32

Macromolecules

Answer 32

Large complex molecules such as DNA that stores hereditary info ieDNA

Question 33

Organelles

Answer 33

Complex bilogical colecules that are assembled into tiny compartments within cells such as nucleus within which the cell's DNA is stored ie: nucleus

Question 34

Cells

Answer 34

Organelles and other elements that are assembled into membrane-bounded units Cells are the smallest level of organization that can be considered alive ie: Nerve cell

Question 35

What is the smallest level of organization that can be considered "alive"

Answer 35

Cells

Question 36

Four levels in organismal level

Answer 36

Tissues Organs Organ systems Organism

Question 37

Tissues

Answer 37

Groups of similar cells that act as a functional unit * *the most basic level ie: nerve tissue composed of cells called neurons that carry electrical signals

Question 38

Organs

Answer 38

grouped tissues which are body structures composed of several different tissues that form a structural and functional unit ie: your brain is an organ composed of nerve cells and a variety of connective tissues that form protective coverings and distribute blood

Question 39

Organ System

Answer 39

Organs that are grouped into organ systems ie: The nervous system which consist of sensory organs, the brain and spinal cord, neurons that convey signals throughout the body, and supporting cells

Question 40

Organism

Answer 40

organ systems that function together to form an organism | ie: A duck

Question 41

Four levels in a population level

Answer 41

Population Species Community Ecosystem

Question 42

Population

Answer 42

a group of organisms of the same species living in the same place ie: A flock of geese living together on a pond

Question 43

Species

Answer 43

All the populations of a particular kind of organsim together form a species. Its members similar in appearence and able to interbreed. ie: All Canadain geese, whether found in Minnesota, Wisconsin, or Canada are basically the same members of the species Branta Canadensis Sandhill cranes are a different species

Question 44

Branta Canadensis

Answer 44

Canadien Geese

Question 45

Community

Answer 45

A higher level of biological organization. A communtiy living in the same place but are not similar in species ie: Geese living on the same pond with ducks, insects, and fish

Question 46

Ecosystem

Answer 46

The highest tier of the biological organization, a biological community and the soil and water within which it lives together consitutes an ecological system or ecosystem

Question 47

Emergent Properties

Answer 47

At each higher level in the living heirarchy, novel properties emerg, properties that were not present at the simpler level of organization. GET INFO