Chapter 1 Flashcards by Amy Olivier

Q

Property

A

• Characteristic
• Identity type of matter
1. building blocks (composition)
2. arrangements (structure of atoms)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Macroscopic Realm

A

Visible

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Microscopic Realm

A

Invisible

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Properties of Gas

A

Far apart
Fast movement
No fixed shape/volume
Compressible

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Properties of Liquid

A

Closely packed
No fixed shape
Fixed volume
Not very compressible

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Properties of a Solid

A

Rigid
Tightly packed
Shape/volume
Incompressible

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Element

A

Cant breakdown
Atoms/molecules
ONE kind of atom

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Compound

A

2+ different elements
2+ kinds of atoms
E.g water (H2O)

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Pure substance

A

Uniform composition

* E.g oxygen,water,table sugar

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Mixture

A

2+ substances
Chemical identity individually kept
Can be separated

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Homogenous Mixture

A

Uniform throughout (composition)
1 physical state
E.g air,sugar,water,vinegar
Also called solutions

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Heterogeneous Mixture

A

Components not uniform
2+ physical states
E.g cereal in milk,wood and rocks

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Dalton’s Law of constant composition or Definite Proportions

A

• Pure compound

elemental composition same
e.g water = 11% H, 89% O

• Different routes for preparation
- no composition/property change

• Varying purities
- different composition

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Separation of Mixtures

A

Filtration
Crystallization
Distillation
Chromatography
Centrifugation

components of physical properties different

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Filtration (heterogeneous)

A

Methods (how to read following bullets)

physical property used
procedure
Solubility
Pouring of solid and liquid mixture onto filter, solid trapped by filter, liquid passes through filter

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Crystallization

A

Methods (how to read following bullets)

physical property used
procedure
Solubility
Slow crystallization of solid from solution

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Distillation (homogeneous)

A

Methods (how to read following bullets)

physical property used
procedure
Volatility
Boil off volatile component of liquid mixture

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Chromatography (homogeneous)

A

Methods (how to read following bullets)

physical property used
procedure
Ability to absorb to surface
Passing liquid/gaseous mixture over paper or through column coated/packed with absorbent

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Centrifugation

A

Methods (how to read following bullets)

physical property used
procedure
Density
Liquid-solid mixture rotate at high speed; solid collects at bottom of sample tube

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Matter

A

Physical matter
Mass
Occupies space

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

GLC: Gas-Liquid Chromatography

A

• Greater affinity component has for liquid layer (stationary phase)
= slower it moves

• Gas (mobile phase)
= faster is moves

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Physical properties of Matter

A

Changes appearance, not composition

* E.g ice to water

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Chemical properties of Matter

A

Different substance formed

* E.g electrolysis of water

How well did you know this?

1

Not at all

2

3

4

5

Perfectly

Q

Intensive physical properties

Study These Flashcards

A

Not dependable on amount/quantity

* E.g density, temperature, melting point

Extensive physical properties

* Depend on amount/quantity | * Mass,volume, pressure

SI

• Systeme International d'Unites - metric units agreement - 1960

Amount of substance (mol)

• Mole

Electric Current (measurement)

• Ampere (A)

Luminous intensity (measurement)

* Candela | * cd

Mega (M): Powers of ten

* 10 to power of 6 | * Mm

Kilo (k): Powers of ten

* 10 to the power of 3 | * Km

Deci (d): Powers of ten

* 10 to the power of -1 | * dm

Centi (c): Powers of ten

* Ten to the power of -2 | * cm

Milli (m): Powers of ten

* Ten to the power of -3 | * mm

Micro (Ua): Powers of ten

* Ten to the power of -6 | * Um

Nano (n): Powers of ten

* Ten to the power of -9 | * nm

Pico (p): Powers of ten

* Ten to the power of -12 | * pm

Femto (f): Powers of ten

* Ten to the power of -15 | * fm

Length

• 1m=100cm=10 to the power of 3 (mm)

Mass

• 1kg=1000g=10 to the power of 6 (mg)

Metric units converted to English measurements

* 1m=1.093613 yard * 1cm=0.393701 inch * 1kg=2.204623 lb

Temperature

• Kelvin = *C+273.15

Absolute zero temperature

• O K= -273.15*C (-459.67 F*)

Celsius Scale

* Freezing point and boiling point at sea level * Water freezing= 0*C * Water boiling= 100*C

Fahrenheit Scale

* Water freezing = 32*F | * Water boiling = 212*F

Celsius and Fahrenheit conversion

* *C = 5/9 (*F 32) | * *F = 9/5 (*C) + 32

Kelvin and Celsius scales

* Equal-sized units | * 1*C = 1K

Volume (v)

* V= l.b.h * m to the power of 3 * 1mL=1cm to the power of 3 * 1L=1dcm to the power of 3=1000cm to the power of 3=1000mL

Density (p)

* Amount of substance per unit volume of substance * mass/volume=kg/m to the power of 3 * g/mL=g/cm to the power of 3=g/cc * Temperature dependent- volumes change when substances heated/cooled * Water=1.00 g.cm to the power of -3

Velocity (measurement)

• m/s

Pressure (measurement)

• Pa

Uncertainty in Measurement

• Measurement numbers in exact

Accurate

Close to true value

Precise

Close together

Significant Figures

• Digits in measured quantity • E.g 1.20 = 3 significant figures (1.19g-1.21g)

Determining number of significant figures

* Left to right * Zeros at end/middle significant * Zeros at beginning not significant * E.g 5.60x10 to the power -3m = 3 significant numbers

Exact numbers

* E.g 1/2, 4/3, 2 * Infinite number of significant figures * Counting numbers

Multiplication and Division (Uncertainty in Measurement)

• Result same amount of significant figures aaa measurement with fewest • E.g area= 6.221cm x 5.2 cm (2 significant figures) = 32.3492 = 32 cm squared (2 significant figures)